How to format your references using the Electronic Markets citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electronic Markets. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Laloë, F. (2003). Obituary: Jean Brossel (1918-2003). Nature, 422(6929), 274.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roth, S., & Panfilio, K. A. (2012). Development. Making waves for segments. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6079), 306–307.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tersoff, J., Jesson, D. E., & Tang, W. X. (2009). Running droplets of gallium from evaporation of gallium arsenide. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5924), 236–238.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sinn, H., Glorieux, B., Hennet, L., Alatas, A., Hu, M., Alp, E. E., et al. (2003). Microscopic dynamics of liquid aluminum oxide. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5615), 2047–2049.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wassenaar, T. M. (2011). Bacteria. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Olla, P. (Ed.). (2009). Space Technologies for the Benefit of Human Society and Earth (1st ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Jaskuła, B., Szkoła, J., & Pancerz, K. (2014). SOM Based Segmentation of Visual Stimuli in Diagnosis and Therapy of Neuropsychological Disorders. In D. A. Gruca, T. Czachórski, & S. Kozielski (Eds.), Man-Machine Interactions 3 (pp. 55–62). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electronic Markets.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, October 17). Mountain Range’s Collapse May Have Supercharged Evolution. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/mountain-ranges-collapse-supercharged-evolution/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). Geostationary Weather Satellites: Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed (No. GAO-13-597). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ho, T. (2012). The influence of physical activity and unsafe neighborhoods on the development of gestational diabetes among women in California (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2016, December 8). YouTube Settles a Skirmish Over Songwriting Royalties. New York Times, p. B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Laloë 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Laloë 2003; Roth and Panfilio 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roth and Panfilio 2012)
Three or more authors: (Sinn et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electronic Markets
ISSN (print)	1019-6781
ISSN (online)	1422-8890
Scope	Business and International Management Management of Technology and Innovation Marketing Computer Science Applications Economics and Econometrics