How to format your references using the Electronic Markets citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electronic Markets. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Springer, T. A. (2002). Immunology. Retrospective: César Milstein (1927-2002). Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1253.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yoo, B. C., & Lubec, G. (2001). p25 protein in neurodegeneration. Nature, 411(6839), 763–4; discussion 764-5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marhas, K. K., Goswami, J. N., & Davis, A. M. (2002). Short-lived nuclides in hibonite grains from Murchison: evidence for solar system evolution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5601), 2182–2185.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wu, C. M., Chen, W. J., Zheng, Y., Ma, D. C., Wang, B., Liu, J. Y., & Woo, C. H. (2014). Controllability of vortex domain structure in ferroelectric nanodot: fruitful domain patterns and transformation paths. Scientific reports, 4, 3946.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nemethy, L. (2011). Business Exit Planning. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Wilczenski, F. L. (2007). A Practical Guide to Service Learning: Strategies for Positive Development in Schools. (S. M. Coomey, Ed.). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Luo, W., Zhu, Y., & Hong, T. (2015). Characteristic Analysis and Management of Human Resource in EPC Project. In H. Sun, C.-Y. Yang, C.-W. Lin, J.-S. Pan, V. Snasel, & A. Abraham (Eds.), Genetic and Evolutionary Computing: Proceeding of the Eighth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing, October 18-20, 2014, Nanchang, China (pp. 29–36). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electronic Markets.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, May 4). High Levels Of Ocean Pollutants May Be Impacting Dolphin Immune Systems. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/high-levels-of-ocean-pollutants-may-be-impacting-dolphin-immune-systems/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Elementary and Secondary Education Act: Potential Effects of Changing Comparability Requirements (No. GAO-11-258). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Deolikar, P. P. (2017). Lecture Video Search Engine Using Hadoop MapReduce (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2012, July 2). Olympic Spot Conceded Without Runoff. New York Times, p. B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Springer 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Springer 2002; Yoo and Lubec 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yoo and Lubec 2001)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electronic Markets
ISSN (print)	1019-6781
ISSN (online)	1422-8890
Scope	Business and International Management Management of Technology and Innovation Marketing Computer Science Applications Economics and Econometrics