How to format your references using the Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Van Dyk SD. Astronomy. Elusive supernova progenitors. Science. 2003;302(5648):1161-1162.

A journal article with 2 authors

Burtsev M, Turchin P. Evolution of cooperative strategies from first principles. Nature. 2006;440(7087):1041-1044.

A journal article with 3 authors

McAlary L, Yerbury JJ, Aquilina JA. Glutathionylation potentiates benign superoxide dismutase 1 variants to the toxic forms associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3275.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cayirlioglu P, Kadow IG, Zhan X, et al. Hybrid neurons in a microRNA mutant are putative evolutionary intermediates in insect CO2 sensory systems. Science. 2008;319(5867):1256-1260.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good PI. Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and Microsoft Office Excel ®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Baryshevsky VG. Parametric X-Ray Radiation in Crystals: Theory, Experiment and Applications. Vol 213. (Feranchuk ID, Ulyanenkov AP, eds.). Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim SJ, Diamond B. Endogenous Control of Dendritic Cell Activation by miRNA. In: Greene CM, ed. MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation. Springer International Publishing; 2015:85-103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Scientists Are Trying to Figure Out What This Weird Rogue Object In Our Galaxy Is. IFLScience. March 15, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/whats-this-weird-rogue-object-in-our-galaxxy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Disbursing Transactions, Naval Ship Research and Development Laboratory. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sefrit J. A Study of the Effectiveness of a School District’s Mentoring /Professional Development Plan for Beginning Teachers. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus I by S. ‘You Can Affect Billions of People.’ New York Times. October 31, 2014:MM14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
ISSN (print)	2090-0740
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery