How to format your references using the Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ramamurthi KS. Molecular biology. mRNA delivers the goods. Science. 2011;331(6020):1021-1022.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ding HM, Ma YQ. Controlling cellular uptake of nanoparticles with pH-sensitive polymers. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2804.

A journal article with 3 authors

Branco T, Clark BA, Häusser M. Dendritic discrimination of temporal input sequences in cortical neurons. Science. 2010;329(5999):1671-1675.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ma Y, Liu Y, Lan L, et al. First experimental demonstration of an isotropic electromagnetic cloak with strict conformal mapping. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2182.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Parke RD. Future Families. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Schüermann M, Franz U, eds. Quantum Independent Increment Processes II: Structure of Quantum Levy Processes, Classical Probability, and Physics. Vol 1866. Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Chincholkar S, Patil S, Sarode P, Rane M. Fermentative Production of Bacterial Phenazines. In: Chincholkar S, Thomashow L, eds. Microbial Phenazines: Biosynthesis, Agriculture and Health. Springer; 2013:89-100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences.

Blog post

Evans K. US Navy Sonar Found To Breach Whale Protection Laws. IFLScience. July 21, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/us-navy-sonar-found-to-breach-whale-protection-laws/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federally Funded R&D Centers: Observations on DOD Actions To Improve Management. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marquez MC. Manuel Ponce’s “Estrellita” (Arranged by Jascha Heifetz): A Historical and Performance Practice Guide for the Violinist. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller B, Baker AL. Commissioner Vows Tighter Bond With the Public. New York Times. October 12, 2016:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
ISSN (print)	2090-0740
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery