How to format your references using the Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duncan M. Astronomy. Re-viewing an old comet reservoir. Science. 2009;325(5945):1211-1212.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li X, Xu J. Meta-analysis of the association between dietary lycopene intake and ovarian cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4885.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jimenez-Sanchez G, Childs B, Valle D. Human disease genes. Nature. 2001;409(6822):853-855.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nie L, Mei D, Xiong H, et al. Activation of surface lattice oxygen in single-atom Pt/CeO2 for low-temperature CO oxidation. Science. 2017;358(6369):1419-1423.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sehgal V. Supply Chain as Strategic Asset. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Lee SG, Peng Z, Zhou X, Moon YS, Unland R, Yoo J, eds. Database Systems for Advanced Applications: 17th International Conference, DASFAA 2012, Busan, South Korea, April 15-19, 2012, Proceedings, Part I. Vol 7238. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Pappenheimer W. Tuning in Rorschach Maps. In: Adams R, Gibson S, Arisona SM, eds. Transdisciplinary Digital Art. Sound, Vision and the New Screen: Digital Art Weeks and Interactive Futures 2006/2007, Zurich, Switzerland and Victoria, BC, Canada. Selected Papers. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer; 2008:33-45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Two Teams Of Scientists Have Created A New State Of Matter. IFLScience. Published March 14, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/two-teams-of-scientists-have-created-a-new-state-of-matter/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of the Technology Transfer Act: A Preliminary Assessment. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson BD. Application of Systems Engineering Principles for Analysis of Utility Baseline Development Process. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Their Run Together May Be Nearing an End. New York Times. June 28, 2017:B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
ISSN (print)	2090-0740
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery