How to format your references using the Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Livingston JD. An electromagnetic personality. Nature. 2000;407(6803):453.

A journal article with 2 authors

Furusawa C, Kaneko K. A dynamical-systems view of stem cell biology. Science. 2012;338(6104):215-217.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weil D, Graham M, Fung A. Science and regulation. Targeting transparency. Science. 2013;340(6139):1410-1411.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tu CY, Zhou C, Marsch E, et al. Solar wind origin in coronal funnels. Science. 2005;308(5721):519-523.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vinod HD, Reagle DP. Preparing for the Worst: Incorporating Downside Risk in Stock Market Investments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Guzzo TJ, Drach GW, Wein AJ, eds. Primer of Geriatric Urology. 2nd ed. 2016. Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Weiner GJ. Activation of NK Cell Responses and Immunotherapy of Cancer. In: Rosenblatt J, Podack ER, Barber GN, Ochoa A, eds. Advances in Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy. Springer; 2014:57-66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. Ten Things You Didn’t Know About Erections. IFLScience. October 16, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/everything-you-need-know-about-boners/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Facilities: Challenges to Achieving Reductions and Efficiencies. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mosbacker HL. Control of Electrical Transport Mechanisms at Metal-Zinc Oxide Interfaces by Subsurface Defect Engineering with Remote Plasma Treatment. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Zernike K. ‘A Crazy Shake.’ Then Metal Tearing, and Chaos. New York Times. May 14, 2015:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
ISSN (print)	2090-0740
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery