How to format your references using the Educational Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

White, Tim D. 2007. “Obituary: F. Clark Howell (1925-2007).” Nature 447 (7140): 52.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schliwa, Manfred, and Günther Woehlke. 2003. “Molecular Motors.” Nature 422 (6933): 759–765.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gonsamo, Alemu, Jing M. Chen, and Chaoyang Wu. 2013. “Citizen Science: Linking the Recent Rapid Advances of Plant Flowering in Canada with Climate Variability.” Scientific Reports 3: 2239.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Rost, A. W., R. S. Perry, J-F Mercure, A. P. Mackenzie, and S. A. Grigera. 2009. “Entropy Landscape of Phase Formation Associated with Quantum Criticality in Sr3Ru2O7.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5946): 1360–1363.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gladon, Richard J., William R. Graves, and J. Michael Kelly. 2011. Getting Published in the Life Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Radosevich, James A., ed. 2013. Head & Neck Cancer: Current Perspectives, Advances, and Challenges. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Jayatissa, L. P., K. A. S. Kodikara, N. P. Dissanayaka, and B. Satyanarayana. 2016. “Post-Tsunami Assessment of Coastal Vegetation, with the View to Protect Coastal Areas from Ocean Surges in Sri Lanka.” In Tsunamis and Earthquakes in Coastal Environments: Significance and Restoration, edited by V. Santiago-Fandiño, H. Tanaka, and M. Spiske, 47–64. Coastal Research Library. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Research.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “Are You Getting Enough Vitamin B1 To Help Fend Off Alzheimer’s?” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2003. Federal Student Aid: Timely Performance Plans and Reports Would Help Guide and Assess Achievement of Default Management Goals. GAO-03-348. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarroll, Michele L. 2005. “Exercise and Airway Clearing Devices in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.” Doctoral dissertation, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, Erin. 1998. “Almost Tudor Interior, but Ignoble Facade.” New York Times, April 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (White 2007).
This sentence cites two references (White 2007; Schliwa and Woehlke 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schliwa and Woehlke 2003)
Three authors: (Gonsamo, Chen, and Wu 2013)
4 or more authors: (Rost et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Research
Abbreviation	Educ. Res. (Windsor)
ISSN (print)	0013-1881
ISSN (online)	1469-5847
Scope	Education