How to format your references using the Educational Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hormoz, Sahand. 2013. “Amino Acid Composition of Proteins Reduces Deleterious Impact of Mutations.” Scientific Reports 3 (October): 2919.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jansen, Vincent A. A., and Minus van Baalen. 2006. “Altruism through Beard Chromodynamics.” Nature 440 (7084): 663–666.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gonsamo, Alemu, Jing M. Chen, and Chaoyang Wu. 2013. “Citizen Science: Linking the Recent Rapid Advances of Plant Flowering in Canada with Climate Variability.” Scientific Reports 3: 2239.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Cohen, I., H. Li, J. L. Hougland, M. Mrksich, and S. R. Nagel. 2001. “Using Selective Withdrawal to Coat Microparticles.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 292 (5515): 265–267.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva, Flávio Soares Corrêa, and Jaume Agustí-Cullell. 2005. Knowledge Coordination. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Lee, Sang-Goo, Zhiyong Peng, Xiaofang Zhou, Yang-Sae Moon, Rainer Unland, and Jaesoo Yoo, eds. 2012. Database Systems for Advanced Applications: 17th International Conference, DASFAA 2012, Busan, South Korea, April 15-19, 2012, Proceedings, Part II. Vol. 7239. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wagter, Roel, Henderik A. Proper, and Dirk Witte. 2013. “Developing the GEA Method – Design Science and Case-Study Research in Action.” In Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops: CAiSE 2013 International Workshops, Valencia, Spain, June 17-21, 2013. Proceedings, edited by Xavier Franch and Pnina Soffer, 43–57. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Research.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2016. “Green Light Given To Construction Of World’s Largest Floating Wind Farm Off Coast Of Scotland.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/green-light-given-construction-worlds-largest-floating-wind-farm-coast-scotland/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Monte Canfield, Jr., 1974-1978. OP-17-OH. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Binney, Ishaque. 2014. “Registered Nurses’ Perceptions of Work Engagement and Turnover Intentions in a Long-Term Care Facility: A Case Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick, Susan M. 2014. “A Bowl of Warmth and Comfort.” New York Times, February 9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hormoz 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hormoz 2013; Jansen and van Baalen 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jansen and van Baalen 2006)
Three authors: (Gonsamo, Chen, and Wu 2013)
4 or more authors: (Cohen et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Research
Abbreviation	Educ. Res. (Windsor)
ISSN (print)	0013-1881
ISSN (online)	1469-5847
Scope	Education