How to format your references using the Educational Action Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Action Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, Paul. 2003. “Fact or Fiction?” Nature 425 (6954): 219.

A journal article with 2 authors

Welsh, Raymond M., and Liisa K. Selin. 2009. “Attrition of Memory CD8 T Cells.” Nature 459 (7247): E3-4; discussion E4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jin, Jian, Zhiguo Ouyang, and Zhaoyan Wang. 2014. “Association of Fruit and Vegetables with the Risk of Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis.” Scientific Reports 4 (July 2014): 5229.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Singhal, Anshika, Gunjan Arora, Andaleeb Sajid, Abhijit Maji, Ajay Bhat, Richa Virmani, Sandeep Upadhyay, Vinay K. Nandicoori, Shantanu Sengupta, and Yogendra Singh. 2013. “Regulation of Homocysteine Metabolism by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2264.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ancheyta, Jorge. 2016. Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Böhme, Rainer, Michael Brenner, Tyler Moore, and Matthew Smith, eds. 2014. Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2014 Workshops, BITCOIN and WAHC 2014, Christ Church, Barbados, March 7, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Vol. 8438. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Costabile, Lúcio T., Oduvaldo Vendrametto, Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, Mario Mollo Neto, and Marcelo K. Shibuya. 2015. “Social Network Analysis on Grain Production in the Brazilian Scenario.” In Advances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth: IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2015, Tokyo, Japan, September 7-9, 2015, Proceedings, Part I, edited by Shigeki Umeda, Masaru Nakano, Hajime Mizuyama, Nironori Hibino, Dimitris Kiritsis, and Gregor von Cieminski, 36–44. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Action Research.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2017. “Researchers Find A Way To Reverse Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis.” IFLScience, IFLScience, March 17. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-find-a-way-to-reverse-drug-resistance-in-tuberculosis/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. Information Technology: Implementation of Reform Legislation Needed to Improve Acquisitions and Operations. GAO-16-204T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gu, Jinwei. 2010. “Measurement, Modeling, and Synthesis of Time-Varying Appearance of Natural Phenomena.” Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wertheimer, Linda K. 2016. “The Middle East Conflict on Campus.” New York Times, August 3, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2003; Welsh and Selin 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Welsh and Selin 2009)
Three authors: (Jin, Ouyang, and Wang 2014)
4 or more authors: (Singhal et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Action Research
Abbreviation	Educ. Action Res.
ISSN (print)	0965-0792
ISSN (online)	1747-5074
Scope	Education