How to format your references using the Educational Action Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Action Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Szpiro, George. 2013. “Economics: Value Judgements.” Nature 500 (7464): 521–523.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hyman, Steven E., and Wayne S. Fenton. 2003. “Medicine. What Are the Right Targets for Psychopharmacology?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 299 (5605): 350–351.

A journal article with 3 authors

Burkett, Virginia, C. G. Groat, and Denise Reed. 2007. “Hurricanes Not the Key to a Sustainable Coast.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315 (5817): 1366–1368.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Allwood, D. A., G. Xiong, C. C. Faulkner, D. Atkinson, D. Petit, and R. P. Cowburn. 2005. “Magnetic Domain-Wall Logic.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309 (5741): 1688–1692.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gauthier, Michaël, Nicolas Andreff, and Etienne Dombre. 2014. Intracorporeal Robotics. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Anacleto, Junia C., Esteban W. G. Clua, Flavio S. Correa da Silva, Sidney Fels, and Hyun S. Yang, eds. 2013. Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2013: 12th International Conference, ICEC 2013, São Paulo, Brazil, October 16-18, 2013. Proceedings. Vol. 8215. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Purkayastha, Basab Bijoy, and Kandarpa Kumar Sarma. 2015. “Digital Phase-Locked Loop.” In A Digital Phase Locked Loop Based Signal and Symbol Recovery System for Wireless Channel, edited by Kandarpa Kumar Sarma, 103–126. Signals and Communication Technology. New Delhi: Springer India.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Action Research.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “Some Scientific Explanations for Alien Abduction That Aren’t so Out of This World.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/some-scientific-explanations-for-alien-abduction-that-arent-so-out-of-this-world/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Airline Competition: Fare and Service Changes at St. Louis Since the TWA-Ozark Merger. RCED-88-217BR. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moreau, Eastine Louise. 2014. “Sailing on a Sea of Hope: Exploring the Impact of Federal Consolidation on Individual Identification and Organizational Identity.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Adkins, Mary. 2015. “Where Elmo’s People Shop.” New York Times, January 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Szpiro 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Szpiro 2013; Hyman and Fenton 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hyman and Fenton 2003)
Three authors: (Burkett, Groat, and Reed 2007)
4 or more authors: (Allwood et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Action Research
Abbreviation	Educ. Action Res.
ISSN (print)	0965-0792
ISSN (online)	1747-5074
Scope	Education