How to format your references using the Education Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ashrafian, H. Intelligent Robots Must Uphold Human Rights. Nature 2015, 519, 391.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kulkarni, R.N.; Kahn, C.R. Molecular Biology. HNFs--Linking the Liver and Pancreatic Islets in Diabetes. Science 2004, 303, 1311–1312.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rhee, H.; Polak, L.; Fuchs, E. Lhx2 Maintains Stem Cell Character in Hair Follicles. Science 2006, 312, 1946–1949.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Reeves, E.P.; Lu, H.; Jacobs, H.L.; Messina, C.G.M.; Bolsover, S.; Gabella, G.; Potma, E.O.; Warley, A.; Roes, J.; Segal, A.W. Killing Activity of Neutrophils Is Mediated through Activation of Proteases by K+ Flux. Nature 2002, 416, 291–297.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kazemi, G.A.; Lehr, J.H.; Perrochet, P. Groundwater Age; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2006; ISBN 9780471929512.

An edited book

Yang, Z.-Z. Capture and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide with Polyethylene Glycol; Song, Q.-W., He, L.-N., Eds.; SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; ISBN 9783642312670.

A chapter in an edited book

Gallagher, C.J.; Corrado, T. The Use of Humor to Enrich the Simulated Environment. In The Comprehensive Textbook of Healthcare Simulation; Levine, A.I., DeMaria, S., Schwartz, A.D., Sim, A.J., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2013; pp. 57–64 ISBN 9781461459927.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew, D. How To Fix All Of Your Sleep Problems With Science Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-to-fix-all-of-your-sleep-problems-with-science/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle: DOD Is Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Its New Acquisition Strategy [Reissued on August 13, 2012]; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2012;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhang, H. Studies of Zeolite-Based Artificial Photosynthetic Systems. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G. Zombies Revived in a Walking Dead Digital Comic. New York Times 2016, C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Education Sciences
Abbreviation	Educ. Sci. (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2227-7102
Scope