How to format your references using the Education Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watson, B. Obituary: Bert Bolin (1925-2008). Nature 2008, 451, 642.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nishide, H.; Oyaizu, K. Materials Science. Toward Flexible Batteries. Science 2008, 319, 737–738.

A journal article with 3 authors

Packer, C.; Pusey, A.E.; Eberly, L.E. Egalitarianism in Female African Lions. Science 2001, 293, 690–693.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Aizenberg, J.; Muller, D.A.; Grazul, J.L.; Hamann, D.R. Direct Fabrication of Large Micropatterned Single Crystals. Science 2003, 299, 1205–1208.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lindl, T.; Steubing, R. Atlas of Living Cell Cultures; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2013; ISBN 9783527669929.

An edited book

Applications of Fuzzy Sets Theory: 7th International Workshop on Fuzzy Logic and Applications, WILF 2007, Camogli, Italy, July 7-10, 2007. Proceedings; Masulli, F., Mitra, S., Pasi, G., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007; Vol. 4578; ISBN 9783540733997.

A chapter in an edited book

Quang, N.P.; Dittrich, J.-A. Dynamic Current Feedback Control for Fast Torque Impression in Drive Systems. In Vector Control of Three-Phase AC Machines: System Development in the Practice; Dittrich, J.-A., Ed.; Power Systems; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; pp. 143–183 ISBN 9783540790280.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Blame Sugar? We’ve Been Doing That For Over 100 Years Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/blame-sugar-we-ve-been-doing-over-100-years/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Computer-Based Patient Records: Sound Planning and Project Management Are Needed to Achieve a Two-Way Exchange of VA and DOD Health Data; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2004;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cannon, C.A. Comparison of Language Arts Scores between Computerized and Teacher Differentiation of Instruction. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. With Gadgetry, New York Race May Be Watched Like No Other. New York Times 2014, D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Education Sciences
Abbreviation	Educ. Sci. (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2227-7102
Scope