How to format your references using the Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein, M., 2012. Centenarians: Great expectations. Nature 492, S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Asimow, P.D., Langmuir, C.H., 2003. The importance of water to oceanic mantle melting regimes. Nature 421, 815–820.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tayagaki, T., Hoshi, Y., Usami, N., 2013. Investigation of the open-circuit voltage in solar cells doped with quantum dots. Sci. Rep. 3, 2703.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, W., Jawerth, L.M., Sparks, E.A., Falvo, M.R., Hantgan, R.R., Superfine, R., Lord, S.T., Guthold, M., 2006. Fibrin fibers have extraordinary extensibility and elasticity. Science 313, 634.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mynbaev, K.T., 2011. Short-Memory Linear Processes and Econometric Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bongiovanni, G., Sartor, G., Valentini, C. (Eds.), 2009. Reasonableness and Law, 1st ed, Law and Philosophy Library. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Tian, T., Luo, J., 2007. A VO-Based Two-Stage Replica Replacement Algorithm, in: Li, K., Jesshope, C., Jin, H., Gaudiot, J.-L. (Eds.), Network and Parallel Computing: IFIP International Conference, NPC 2007, Dalian, China, September 18-21, 2007. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Africa Due For Annual Heat Waves By 2040 Thanks To Climate Change [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/africa-due-annual-heat-waves-2040-thanks-climate-change/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2001. Technology Transfer: DOE Has Fewer Partnerships, and They Rely More on Private Funding (No. GAO-01-568). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moshfegh, N., 2014. The multidimensional wellbeing assessment: Preliminary validation in an Iranian sample (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L., 2006. Amid Concerns, Counties Move to Limit Taxes. New York Times LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eisenstein, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Asimow and Langmuir, 2003; Eisenstein, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Asimow and Langmuir, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Abbreviation	Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
ISSN (print)	0147-6513
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health