How to format your references using the Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sibum, H.O., 2004. Beyond the ivory tower. What kind of science is experimental physics? Science 306, 60–61.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reader, J.S., Joyce, G.F., 2002. A ribozyme composed of only two different nucleotides. Nature 420, 841–844.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lake, B.M., Salakhutdinov, R., Tenenbaum, J.B., 2015. Human-level concept learning through probabilistic program induction. Science 350, 1332–1338.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Quezada, J.C., Saussine, G., Breul, P., Radjaï, F., 2014. Predicting the settlement of coarse granular materials under vertical loading. Sci. Rep. 4, 5707.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ruiz, J.-L., 2017. Supra-Gingival Minimally Invasive Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Riviello, M.T., 2016. On the Perception of Dynamic Emotional Expressions: A Cross-cultural Comparison, SpringerBriefs in Cognitive Computation. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Harwood, T.M., L’Abate, L., 2010. Bibliotherapy, in: L’Abate, L. (Ed.), Self-Help in Mental Health: A Critical Review. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 59–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2015. NASA Will Upload Images Of Earth From Space Every Day [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-will-upload-images-earth-space-everyday/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. The Readiness Goal (No. 147977). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kim, E.H., 2010. A personal narrative of a Korean immigrant to the United States: A quest for finding a niche (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J., 2016. When Tickled, Rats Giggle and Leap, Researchers Find. New York Times A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sibum, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Reader and Joyce, 2002; Sibum, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reader and Joyce, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Quezada et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Abbreviation	Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
ISSN (print)	0147-6513
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health