How to format your references using the Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gibson, S., 2009. Journal club. An organic chemist highlights an ingenious way to make radiotracers. Nature 457, 515.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rignot, E., Kanagaratnam, P., 2006. Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Science 311, 986–990.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bosmans, F., Martin-Eauclaire, M.-F., Swartz, K.J., 2008. Deconstructing voltage sensor function and pharmacology in sodium channels. Nature 456, 202–208.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fielding, E.J., Lundgren, P.R., Bürgmann, R., Funning, G.J., 2009. Shallow fault-zone dilatancy recovery after the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran. Nature 458, 64–68.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Archer, R.D., 2002. Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.

An edited book

Zollner, T., Renz, H., Asadullah, K. (Eds.), 2005. Animal Models of T Cell-Mediated Skin Diseases, Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Kovács, P., 2010. Characterization of the Runoff Regime and Its Stability in the Danube Catchment, in: Brilly, M. (Ed.), Hydrological Processes of the Danube River Basin: Perspectives from the Danubian Countries. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 143–173.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2015. Astronomers Use Star Pulsation To Estimate Galaxy Age [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-see-galaxy-pulsating/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1978. Need for Active Alcohol Public Education Program (No. 088681). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Long, J.J., 2012. Comparison of health-promoting lifestyles in adult patients with and without primary care provider continuity (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B., 2017. Tommy LiPuma, 80, a Record Producer and Five-Time Grammy Award Winner. New York Times B19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gibson, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Gibson, 2009; Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Fielding et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Abbreviation	Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
ISSN (print)	0147-6513
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health