How to format your references using the Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goto, H., 2014. Step-by-step magic state encoding for efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation. Sci. Rep. 4, 7501.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mossel, E., Vigoda, E., 2005. Phylogenetic MCMC algorithms are misleading on mixtures of trees. Science 309, 2207–2209.

A journal article with 3 authors

Son, M.Y., Lee, J.-K., Kang, Y.C., 2014. Fabrication and electrochemical performance of 0.6Li2MnO3-0.4Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 microspheres by two-step spray-drying process. Sci. Rep. 4, 5752.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, H., Chroneos, A., Londos, C.A., Sgourou, E.N., Schwingenschlögl, U., 2014. Carbon related defects in irradiated silicon revisited. Sci. Rep. 4, 4909.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray, R., 2011. A History of American Literature. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Russell, C., Raymond, C. (Eds.), 2012. The Dawn Mission to Minor Planets 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Krötzsch, M., 2012. OWL 2 Profiles: An Introduction to Lightweight Ontology Languages, in: Eiter, T., Krennwallner, T. (Eds.), Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Advanced Query Answering: 8th International Summer School 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 3-8, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 112–183.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Cute But Not So Innocent: Seals Blamed For Porpoise Massacre [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cute-not-so-innocent-seals-blamed-porpoise-massacre/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Aviation Safety: Better Management Controls are Needed to Improve FAA’s Safety Enforcement and Compliance Efforts (No. GAO-04-646). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Neil, S., 2012. A turn from the worst: Leadership influences on the successful turnaround of a high-poverty school (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, S., 2017. These Guys Really Like Trump. New York Times SR6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goto, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Goto, 2014; Mossel and Vigoda, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mossel and Vigoda, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Abbreviation	Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
ISSN (print)	0147-6513
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health