How to format your references using the Ecosystem Health and Sustainability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heki, K. 2001. Seasonal modulation of interseismic strain buildup in northeastern Japan driven by snow loads. Science (New York, N.Y.) 293:89–92.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bull, J. J., and C. R. Parrish. 2002. Microbiology. A binding contract for anthrax. Science (New York, N.Y.) 297:201–202.

A journal article with 3 authors

Suzuki, G., N. Shimazu, and M. Tanaka. 2012. A yeast prion, Mod5, promotes acquired drug resistance and cell survival under environmental stress. Science (New York, N.Y.) 336:355–359.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Skaar, E. P., M. Humayun, T. Bae, K. L. DeBord, and O. Schneewind. 2004. Iron-source preference of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Science (New York, N.Y.) 305:1626–1628.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Braha, A., and G. Groza. 2006. Moderne Abwassertechnik. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Maruhn, J. A. 2010. Simple Models of Many-Fermion Systems. Page (P.-G. Reinhard and E. Suraud, Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Callinicos, A. 2016. Marxism: and the Very Idea of Critical Political Economy. Pages 49–65 in A. Cafruny, L. S. Talani, and G. Pozo Martin, editors. The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecosystem Health and Sustainability.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014, January 30. Axolotl feared extinct in the wild. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/axolotl-feared-extinct-wild/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Hubble Space Telescope. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, A. 2010. Kindergarten through third grade reading tutors in Northeast Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. 2012, February 27. U.S. Olympic Team Selected. New York Times:D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heki 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Heki 2001, Bull and Parrish 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bull and Parrish 2002)
Three or more authors: (Skaar et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
Abbreviation	Ecosyst. Health Sustain.
ISSN (online)	2332-8878
Scope