How to format your references using the Ecosystem Health and Sustainability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Krug, R. M. 2006. Virology. Clues to the virulence of H5N1 viruses in humans. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311:1562–1563.

A journal article with 2 authors

Treves, A., and J. Bruskotter. 2014. Ecology. Tolerance for predatory wildlife. Science (New York, N.Y.) 344:476–477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miyazawa, A., Y. Fujiyoshi, and N. Unwin. 2003. Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore. Nature 423:949–955.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zeng, H., J. Li, J. P. Liu, Z. L. Wang, and S. Sun. 2002. Exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets by nanoparticle self-assembly. Nature 420:395–398.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alexander, M., and J. Walkenbach. 2012. 101 Ready-to-Use Excel® Macros. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Scarpa, R., and A. Alberini, editors. 2005. Applications of Simulation Methods in Environmental and Resource Economics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Lindström, D. 2008. Homicide in Scandinavia: Long-Term Trends and Their Interpretations. Pages 43–64 in S. Body-Gendrot and P. Spierenburg, editors. Violence in Europe. Springer, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecosystem Health and Sustainability.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2016, September 27. The Helmeted Hornbill Is The Latest “Trend” In The Illegal Wildlife Trade. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Governance Mechanisms for Implementing Management Controls Need to Be Improved. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Humphreys, B. P. 2013. The Role of Developmental Screening Practices in Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Analysis of All-Payer Claims Data in New Hampshire. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L. 2013, September 1. Taking Their Very Sweet Time. New York Times:ST14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Krug 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Krug 2006, Treves and Bruskotter 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Treves and Bruskotter 2014)
Three or more authors: (Zeng et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
Abbreviation	Ecosyst. Health Sustain.
ISSN (online)	2332-8878
Scope