How to format your references using the Arctic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schneider, S.H. 2001. Earth systems engineering and management. Nature 409: 417–421.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gamlin, P.D., and Yoon, K. 2000. An area for vergence eye movement in primate frontal cortex. Nature 407: 1003–1007.

A journal article with 3 authors

Neale, M.J., Pan, J., and Keeney, S. 2005. Endonucleolytic processing of covalent protein-linked DNA double-strand breaks. Nature 436: 1053–1057.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Noh, J.-K., Kim, S., Kim, H., Choi, W., Chang, W., Byun, D., Cho, B.-W., and Chung, K.Y. 2014. Mechanochemical synthesis of Li₂MnO₃ shell/LiMO₂ (M = Ni, Co, Mn) core-structured nanocomposites for lithium-ion batteries. Sci. Rep. 4: 4847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nguyen, K., Guo, X., and Pan, Y. 2016. Multiple Biological Sequence Alignment: Scoring Functions, Algorithms and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Rocca, S.R.D. (ed.) 2007. Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications: 8th International Conference,TLCA 2007, Paris, France,June 26-28, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Enström, R., and Benson, L. 2016. A Triangulated Appraisal of How Hybrid Activities Develop Students’ Negotiating Self-Confidence. Pages 41–54 in P. Daly, K. Reid, P. Buckley, and E. Doyle, eds. Innovative Business Education Design for 21st Century Learning. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic Science.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2015.October 9. Japan Will Open A Fully Robotic Lettuce Farm By 2017. IFLScience. [Online] Available: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/japan-will-open-fully-robotic-lettuce-farm-2017/ [2018 Oct. 30].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2002. NASA Contract Payments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Olson, B.A. 2012. Problem Management: A System Engineering Management Framework. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. 2007.December 11. Justices Restore Judges’ Control Over Sentencing. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schneider 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Gamlin and Yoon 2000; Schneider 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gamlin and Yoon 2000)
Three or more authors: (Noh et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic Science
ISSN (print)	2368-7460
Scope