How to format your references using the EcoSal Plus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EcoSal Plus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schneider MD. 2011. Development. A cardiac nonproliferation treaty. Science 332:426–427.

A journal article with 2 authors

Long P, Corfas G. 2014. Neuroscience. To learn is to myelinate. Science 346:298–299.

A journal article with 3 authors

Patt AG, Ogallo L, Hellmuth M. 2007. Sustainability. Learning from 10 years of climate outlook forums in Africa. Science 318:49–50.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cebrian M, Torres MR, Huerta R, Fowler JH. 2013. Violent extremist group ecologies under stress. Sci Rep 3:1544.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blair R. 2011. Organic Production and Food Quality. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

2012. Earth and Life: Global Biodiversity, Extinction Intervals and Biogeographic Perturbations Through Time. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Herrera A. 2015. Archaeology and Development: Ethics of a Fateful Relationship, p. 39–53. In Haber, A, Shepherd, N (eds.), After Ethics: Ancestral Voices and Post-Disciplinary Worlds in Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EcoSal Plus.

Blog post

Hale T. 2016. Farmers Are Using Laser Beams In The Battle Against Geese. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Alternative-Fueled Vehicles: Progress Made in Accelerating Federal Purchases, but Benefits and Costs Remain Uncertain. RCED-94-161. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen D. 2009. Deus-ex-machina: A modern skeptic’s relentless scrutiny of the production of ethics in post-colonial literature and postcolonialism. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. 1992. Political Memo; The New Year at a New Age Retreat: The Clintons in Agreeable Company. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	EcoSal Plus
Abbreviation	EcoSal Plus
ISSN (online)	2324-6200
Scope