How to format your references using the Economic Change and Restructuring citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economic Change and Restructuring. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Powell K (2003) Inspiration from architecture: building a better scientific rapport. Nature 424:858–859

A journal article with 2 authors

Hekimi S, Guarente L (2003) Genetics and the specificity of the aging process. Science 299:1351–1354

A journal article with 3 authors

Stutzmann N, Friend RH, Sirringhaus H (2003) Self-aligned, vertical-channel, polymer field-effect transistors. Science 299:1881–1884

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chen X, Liu X, Jia X, et al (2013) Network characteristic analysis of ADR-related proteins and identification of ADR-ADR associations. Sci Rep 3:1744

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Choudhry M, Landuyt G (2010) The Future of Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kenaan H, Ferber I (eds) (2011) Philosophy’s Moods: The Affective Grounds of Thinking. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Snarskii AA, Bezsudnov IV, Sevryukov VA, et al (2016) Effective Conductivity of Percolation Media. In: Bezsudnov IV, Sevryukov VA, Morozovskiy A, Malinsky J (eds) Transport Processes in Macroscopically Disordered Media: From Mean Field Theory to Percolation. Springer, New York, NY, pp 47–75

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economic Change and Restructuring.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Researchers Image Wave-Particle Duality Light For The First Time Ever. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/researchers-image-wave-particle-duality-light-first-time-ever/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Analysis of “Florida’s Fair Share.” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Egan GC (2015) Understanding the reaction mechanism of aluminum nanocomposite thermites. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Currie A, Dixon H, Hay G (2010) Auto Sales Defy The Statistics. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Powell 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hekimi and Guarente 2003; Powell 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hekimi and Guarente 2003)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economic Change and Restructuring
Abbreviation	Econ. Change Restructuring
ISSN (print)	1573-9414
ISSN (online)	1574-0277
Scope	Economics and Econometrics

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