How to format your references using the Economic Change and Restructuring citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economic Change and Restructuring. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Siegel J (2005) Chemistry. Inventing the nanomolecular wheel. Science 310:63–64

A journal article with 2 authors

Frenking G, Holzmann N (2012) Chemistry. A boron-boron triple bond. Science 336:1394–1395

A journal article with 3 authors

Shanavas KV, Parker D, Singh DJ (2014) Theoretical study on the role of dynamics on the unusual magnetic properties in MnBi. Sci Rep 4:7222

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li J, Van Vliet KJ, Zhu T, et al (2002) Atomistic mechanisms governing elastic limit and incipient plasticity in crystals. Nature 418:307–310

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Passarelli D (2012) Trading Options Greeks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Müller M (ed) (2013) Microdialysis in Drug Development. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Kraus-Tiefenbacher U, Biggs P, Vaidya J, Francescatti D (2011) Electronic Brachytherapy/Low KV-IORT: Physics and Techniques. In: Gunderson LL, Willett CG, Calvo FA, Harrison LB (eds) Intraoperative Irradiation: Techniques and Results. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 85–98

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economic Change and Restructuring.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Teen Threatened With Graduation Ban For Yearbook Quote. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/teen-threatened-graduation-ban-yearbook-quote/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) H.R. 4326: Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1981. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warwick-Smith KM (2017) Remembering Prudence: Tracking the Iconography of a Cardinal Virtue to Her Resurgence in Depth Psychology. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) Harkes Knows the Feeling of Having to Sit Out an Important Match. New York Times B11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Siegel 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Siegel 2005; Frenking and Holzmann 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Frenking and Holzmann 2012)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economic Change and Restructuring
Abbreviation	Econ. Change Restructuring
ISSN (print)	1573-9414
ISSN (online)	1574-0277
Scope	Economics and Econometrics