How to format your references using the Economic Change and Restructuring citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economic Change and Restructuring. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J (2009) The Gonzo Scientist. The Science Dance Match-Up Challenge. Science 324:332

A journal article with 2 authors

de Brito OM, Scorrano L (2008) Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. Nature 456:605–610

A journal article with 3 authors

Dicke M, van Loon JJA, de Jong PW (2004) Ecology. Ecogenomics benefits community ecology. Science 305:618–619

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mun J, Yim T, Park JH, et al (2014) Allylic ionic liquid electrolyte-assisted electrochemical surface passivation of LiCoO2 for advanced, safe lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 4:5802

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Akiba K-Y (2011) Organo Main Group Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Lu B-L, Zhang L, Kwok J (eds) (2011) Neural Information Processing: 18th International Conference, ICONIP 2011, Shanghai, China, November 13-17, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Khaled R, Barr P, Noble J, et al (2007) Fine Tuning the Persuasion in Persuasive Games. In: Kort Y de, IJsselsteijn W, Midden C, et al. (eds) Persuasive Technology: Second International Conference on Persuasive Technology, PERSUASIVE 2007, Palo Alto, CA, USA, April 26-27, 2007, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 36–47

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economic Change and Restructuring.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) 40,000-Year-Old Human Had Neanderthal Great-Great-Grandparent. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/40000-year-old-human-had-neanderthal-great-great-grandparent/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016) Federal Student Loans: Education Needs to Improve Its Income-Driven Repayment Plan Budget Estimates. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cuthbertson TH (2014) The fool’s replies: Toward a poetics of folly in Shakespeare’s comedies. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) The Layover. New York Times C7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bohannon 2009).
This sentence cites two references (de Brito and Scorrano 2008; Bohannon 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (de Brito and Scorrano 2008)
Three or more authors: (Mun et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economic Change and Restructuring
Abbreviation	Econ. Change Restructuring
ISSN (print)	1573-9414
ISSN (online)	1574-0277
Scope	Economics and Econometrics