How to format your references using the Ecology of Freshwater Fish citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecology of Freshwater Fish. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donovan, M. S. 2013. Generating improvement through research and development in education systems. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340: 317–319.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vincent, A. C. J., & Harris, J. M. 2014. Marine Science. Boundless no more. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346: 420–421.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu, C.-I., Shi, S., & Zhang, Y.-P. 2004. A case for conservation. Nature, 428: 213–214.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Pianta, R. C., Belsky, J., Houts, R., Morrison, F., & National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network. 2007. Teaching. Opportunities to learn in America’s elementary classrooms. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315: 1795–1796.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hiltscher, G., Mühlthaler, W., & Smits, J. 2003. Industrial Pigging Technology. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Natkin, S., & Dupire, J. (Eds.). 2009. Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2009: 8th International Conference, Paris, France, September 3-5, 2009. Proceedings (Vol. 5709). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cano, C., Guerrero, M., & Bellalta, B. 2008. Secure and Efficient Data Collection in Sensor Networks. In: L. Cerdà-Alabern, ed. Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet: 4th International Workshop of the EuroNGI/EuroFGI Network of Excellence Barcelona, Spain, January 16-18, 2008 Revised Selected Papers. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 37–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecology of Freshwater Fish.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2015, March 18. DNA Nanobots Set To Seek and Destroy Cancer Cells In Human Trial. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Customs Automation: Progress Made, More Expected in Revenue Reconciliation Process (No. IMTEC-91-27). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seymour, C. R. 2017. Natives Versus Exotics and Grasses Versus Forbs: A Long-Term Study of Vegetation in La Jolla Valley (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. 2015, December 4. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times, p. C32.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donovan, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Donovan, 2013; Vincent & Harris, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vincent & Harris, 2014)
Three authors: (Wu, Shi, & Zhang, 2004)
4 or more authors: (Pianta et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Abbreviation	Ecol. Freshw. Fish
ISSN (print)	0906-6691
ISSN (online)	1600-0633
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology