How to format your references using the Ecology of Freshwater Fish citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecology of Freshwater Fish. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Treutlein, P. 2012. Physics. A single spin feels the vibrations. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335: 1584–1585.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chaffer, C. L., & Weinberg, R. A. 2011. A perspective on cancer cell metastasis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 331: 1559–1564.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ruder, W. C., Lu, T., & Collins, J. J. 2011. Synthetic biology moving into the clinic. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333: 1248–1252.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Wollert, T., Wunder, C., Lippincott-Schwartz, J., & Hurley, J. H. 2009. Membrane scission by the ESCRT-III complex. Nature, 458: 172–177.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Corns, T. N. 2008. A History of Seventeenth-Century English Literature. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Cantoni, V., Dimov, D., & Tistarelli, M. (Eds.). 2014. Biometric Authentication: First International Workshop, BIOMET 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria, June 23-24, 2014. Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 8897). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Song, C., & Chen, Y. 2012. A Special Wohlhart’s Double-Goldberg 6R Linkage and Its Multiple Operation Forms Among 4R and 6R Linkages. In: J. S. Dai, M. Zoppi, & X. Kong, eds. Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I. Springer: London, pp. 45–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecology of Freshwater Fish.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2016, May 25. How Did Supermassive Black Holes Form So Quickly In The Universe? IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. Air Traffic Control: FAA’s Modernization Investment Management Approach Could Be Strengthened (No. RCED/AIMD-99-88). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall, K. E. 2012. Transformational leadership practices of African-American ministers at predominantly African American Churches of Christ in Nashville, TN (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. 2017, February 24. End of an Era Looms as Waldorf Astoria Prepares to Close for Renovations. New York Times, p. A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Treutlein, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Chaffer & Weinberg, 2011; Treutlein, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chaffer & Weinberg, 2011)
Three authors: (Ruder, Lu, & Collins, 2011)
4 or more authors: (Wollert et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Abbreviation	Ecol. Freshw. Fish
ISSN (print)	0906-6691
ISSN (online)	1600-0633
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology