How to format your references using the Ecology of Freshwater Fish citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecology of Freshwater Fish. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Narbonne, G. M. 2010. Geochemistry. Ocean chemistry and early animals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328: 53–54.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cotner, J. B., & Hall, E. K. 2011. Comment on “A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 332: 1149; author reply 1149.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mashchenko, S., Couchman, H. M. P., & Wadsley, J. 2006. The removal of cusps from galaxy centres by stellar feedback in the early Universe. Nature, 442: 539–542.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Weichenrieder, O., Wild, K., Strub, K., & Cusack, S. 2000. Structure and assembly of the Alu domain of the mammalian signal recognition particle. Nature, 408: 167–173.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Xavier, R. J., & Podolsky, D. K. 2017. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Alpay, D., & Kirstein, B. (Eds.). 2012. Interpolation, Schur Functions and Moment Problems II (Vol. 226). Basel: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bhansali, P., & Roychowdhury, J. 2011. Injection Locking Analysis and Simulation of Weakly Coupled Oscillator Networks. In: P. Li, L. M. Silveira, & P. Feldmann, eds. Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, pp. 71–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecology of Freshwater Fish.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2016, May 24. Solar Superflares Might Be Responsible For Life On Earth. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Federal Procurements: Comments on Proposed Legislation Affecting Federal Procurements (No. T-OGC-92-3). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pecue, C. J. 2015. Utilizing Audiovisual Stimuli in the Classroom to Facilitate Pronunciation of French Stop Consonants (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. 2008, August 17. Graduation Rates Rise, and Bar Is Raised. New York Times, p. LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Narbonne, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Narbonne, 2010; Cotner & Hall, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cotner & Hall, 2011)
Three authors: (Mashchenko, Couchman, & Wadsley, 2006)
4 or more authors: (Weichenrieder et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Abbreviation	Ecol. Freshw. Fish
ISSN (print)	0906-6691
ISSN (online)	1600-0633
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology