How to format your references using the Ecology of Freshwater Fish citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecology of Freshwater Fish. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mysak, L. A. 2001. Oceanography. Patterns of Arctic circulation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293: 1269–1270.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jia, C. L., & Urban, K. 2004. Atomic-resolution measurement of oxygen concentration in oxide materials. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303: 2001–2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sakakura, A., Ukai, A., & Ishihara, K. 2007. Enantioselective halocyclization of polyprenoids induced by nucleophilic phosphoramidites. Nature, 445: 900–903.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Cheng, M. Y., Bullock, C. M., Li, C., Lee, A. G., Bermak, J. C., Belluzzi, J., Weaver, D. R., Leslie, F. M., & Zhou, Q.-Y. 2002. Prokineticin 2 transmits the behavioural circadian rhythm of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nature, 417: 405–410.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cox, C. 2012. An Introduction to LTE. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Marshall, C. A., Nolan, S. J., & Newton, D. P. (Eds.). 2016. Widening Participation, Higher Education and Non-Traditional Students: Supporting Transitions through Foundation Programmes. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Cerejeiras, P., Kähler, U., Sommen, F., & Vajiac, A. 2016. Script Geometry. In: S. Bernstein, U. Kähler, I. Sabadini, & F. Sommen, eds. Modern Trends in Hypercomplex Analysis. Springer International Publishing: Cham, pp. 79–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecology of Freshwater Fish.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015, January 27. Secrets Of The Orchid Mantis Revealed – It Doesn’t Mimic An Orchid After All. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. The United States in Europe: Staying the Course to Win the Peace (No. 147981). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Culumber, J. J. 2017. Physician Practice Survival: The Role of Analytics in Shaping the Future (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, K., & Appelbaum, B. 2017, September 23. Yellen and Trump Aide Are Said to Be on Shortlist for New Leader of the Fed. New York Times, p. A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mysak, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Mysak, 2001; Jia & Urban, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jia & Urban, 2004)
Three authors: (Sakakura, Ukai, & Ishihara, 2007)
4 or more authors: (Cheng et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Abbreviation	Ecol. Freshw. Fish
ISSN (print)	0906-6691
ISSN (online)	1600-0633
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology