How to format your references using the Ecological Restoration citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Restoration. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gill, P. 2000. Optical clocks coming of age. Nature 407:579–580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Susiarjo, M. and M. S. Bartolomei. 2014. Epigenetics. You are what you eat, but what about your DNA? Science (New York, N.Y.) 345:733–734.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gilman, R. T., S. L. Nuismer, and D.-C. Jhwueng. 2012. Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens. Nature 483:328–330.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, M., G. Meng, Q. Huang, and S. Zhang. 2014. Improved sensitivity of polychlorinated-biphenyl-orientated porous-ZnO surface photovoltage sensors from chemisorption-formed ZnO-CuPc composites. Scientific reports 4:4284.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Declerck, P. 2012. Discrete Event Systems in Dioid Algebra and Conventional Algebra. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Weaver, J. L. 2012. Pro JavaFX 2: A Definitive Guide to Rich Clients with Java Technology. Page (W. Gao, S. Chin, D. Iverson, and J. Vos, editors). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Gatehouse, A. and N. Ferry. 2012. Successes and Failures in Plant-Insect Interactions: Is it Possible to Stay One Step Ahead of the Insects? Pages 89–126 in G. Smagghe and I. Diaz (eds), Arthropod-Plant Interactions: Novel Insights and Approaches for IPM. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Restoration.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2014, March 27. X-rays Brighter than a Million Suns Illuminate Ancient Plant StructuresIFLScience. : IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/x-rays-brighter-million-suns-illuminate-ancient-plant-structures/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1984. The NASA Fiscal Year 1985 Budget Requests That Support DOD Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kidder, E. O. 2014. Self-administered HPV Testing as a Cervical Cancer Screening Option: Exploring the Perspectives of Hispanic and Arab Women in the United States. Doctoral dissertation, : George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Macur, J. 2014, May 16. Afterword. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gill 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Gill 2000, Susiarjo and Bartolomei 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Susiarjo and Bartolomei 2014)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Restoration
ISSN (print)	1522-4740
ISSN (online)	1543-4079
Scope	Nature and Landscape Conservation