How to format your references using the Ecological Indicators citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Indicators. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pan, H., 2014. Metal dichalcogenides monolayers: novel catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. Sci. Rep. 4, 5348.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bermingham, E., Dick, C., 2001. Ecology and evolution. The Inga--newcomer or museum antiquity? Science 293, 2214–2216.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baarlink, C., Wang, H., Grosse, R., 2013. Nuclear actin network assembly by formins regulates the SRF coactivator MAL. Science 340, 864–867.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bökel, C., Schwabedissen, A., Entchev, E., Renaud, O., González-Gaitán, M., 2006. Sara endosomes and the maintenance of Dpp signaling levels across mitosis. Science 314, 1135–1139.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hanzo, L., Keller, T., 2006. OFDM and MC-CDMA. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Casanovas, P., Sartor, G., Casellas, N., Rubino, R. (Eds.), 2008. Computable Models of the Law: Languages, Dialogues, Games, Ontologies, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Redouté, J.-M., Steyaert, M., 2010. EMI Resisting Analog Output Circuits, in: Steyaert, M. (Ed.), EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 83–139.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Indicators.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Fire Tornadoes: One More Way Earth Is Trying To Kill You [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/fire-tornadoes-one-more-way-earth-trying-kill-you/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1978. Accounting for Automatic Data Processing Costs Needs Improvement (No. FGMSD-78-14). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Joseph, F.B., 2017. Adsorption and Transformation of Selenium from Elemental Selenium Nanoparticles by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Steinmetz, P. by G., 2014. Let a Hundred McMansions Bloom. New York Times MM51.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pan, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Bermingham and Dick, 2001; Pan, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bermingham and Dick, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Bökel et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Indicators
Abbreviation	Ecol. Indic.
ISSN (print)	1470-160X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Decision Sciences Ecology