How to format your references using the Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Celotti, A., 2008. Astronomy. Life after death. Science 321, 1164–1165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rodriguez, A., Laio, A., 2014. Machine learning. Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks. Science 344, 1492–1496.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hanczyc, M.M., Fujikawa, S.M., Szostak, J.W., 2003. Experimental models of primitive cellular compartments: encapsulation, growth, and division. Science 302, 618–622.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kassen, R., Buckling, A., Bell, G., Rainey, P.B., 2000. Diversity peaks at intermediate productivity in a laboratory microcosm. Nature 406, 508–512.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chapman, R.J., 2012. Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Siemionow, M.Z. (Ed.), 2015. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Experimental Models and Research Designs. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Baer, S., Ensslin, K., 2015. Physics at the Edge, in: Ensslin, K. (Ed.), Transport Spectroscopy of Confined Fractional Quantum Hall Systems, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 47–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Little Hedgehog Who Lost His Spikes Being Kept Cozy Until They Grow Back [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/little-hedgehog-who-lost-his-spikes-being-kept-cozy-until-they-grow-back/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1978. NORAD’s Information Processing Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability? (No. LCD-78-117). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seegmiller Renner, A., 2017. Empathy Development Through Role Modeling: A Qualitative Study of Instructor Experiences (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D., 1998. Fear and Loathing in San Juan. New York Times 710.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Celotti, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Celotti, 2008; Rodriguez and Laio, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rodriguez and Laio, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Kassen et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0925-8574
Scope	Environmental Engineering Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation