How to format your references using the Earth System Science Data Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Science Data Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macrakis, K.: Science and the Stasi, Nature, 461, 594–595, 2009.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jiang, P. and Beauchamp, G. K.: Evolution. Sensing nectar’s sweetness, Science, 345, 878–879, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Van Dyck, D., Jinschek, J. R., and Chen, F.-R.: “Big Bang” tomography as a new route to atomic-resolution electron tomography, Nature, 486, 243–246, 2012.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Liu, Y., Tang, N., Wan, X., Feng, Q., Li, M., Xu, Q., Liu, F., and Du, Y.: Realization of ferromagnetic graphene oxide with high magnetization by doping graphene oxide with nitrogen, Sci. Rep., 3, 2566, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Janke, S. J. and Tinsley, F. C.: Introduction to Linear Models and Statistical Inference, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.

An edited book

Fatemi, S. M. (Ed.): Critical Mindfulness: Exploring Langerian Models, Springer International Publishing, Cham, XX, 212 p. 2 illus pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Krüger, R. and Stumpf, A.: Overcoming Growth Barriers, in: Brand Growth Barriers: Identify, Understand, and Overcome Them, edited by: Stumpf, A., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 75–107, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Science Data Discussions.

Blog post

Beyond Genetics: Illuminating The Epigenome: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/beyond-genetics-illuminating-epigenome/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Opportunities for Oversight and Improved Use of Taxpayer Funds: Examples from Selected GAO Work, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Viruet, H. B.: Effect of Forklift Operation on Lower Back Pain: An Evidence-Based Approach, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J.: An Ink-Stained Reunion After Years of Digital Upheaval, New York Times, 5th September, A24, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macrakis, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Jiang and Beauchamp, 2014; Macrakis, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jiang and Beauchamp, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Science Data Discussions
Abbreviation	Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1866-3591
Scope