How to format your references using the Earth System Governance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Governance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Richards, P.G., 2005. Obituary: Keiiti Aki (1930-2005). Nature 435, 1176.

A journal article with 2 authors

Balskus, E.P., Walsh, C.T., 2010. The genetic and molecular basis for sunscreen biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Science 329, 1653–1656.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koskinen, T.T., Aylward, A.D., Miller, S., 2007. A stability limit for the atmospheres of giant extrasolar planets. Nature 450, 845–848.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhou, P.Y., Dou, X.M., Wu, X.F., Ding, K., Li, M.F., Ni, H.Q., Niu, Z.C., Jiang, D.S., Sun, B.Q., 2014. Single-photon property characterization of 1.3 μm emissions from InAs/GaAs quantum dots using silicon avalanche photodiodes. Sci. Rep. 4, 3633.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Meyr, H., Moeneclaey, M., Fechtel, S.A., 2001. Digital Communication Receivers: Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.

An edited book

Matyáš, R., 2013. Primary Explosives. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Jóźwiak, W., Jankowski, J., Ernst, T., 2014. Natural Variations of the Geomagnetic Field: Observations and Application to Study of the Earth’s Interior and Ionosphere, in: Bialik, R., Majdański, M., Moskalik, M. (Eds.), Achievements, History and Challenges in Geophysics: 60th Anniversary of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 65–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Governance.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Kenya Is A Breastfeeding Success Story But Still Has Its Challenges [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2003. University Research: Most Federal Agencies Need to Better Protect against Financial Conflicts of Interest (No. GAO-04-31). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thom, R.R., 2008. Beyond the numbers: A phenomenological study of intangible assets for small manufacturing business valuation (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J., 2016. Feeding Nostalgia With a Remix. New York Times C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Richards, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Balskus and Walsh, 2010; Richards, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Balskus and Walsh, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Governance
ISSN (print)	2589-8116
Scope