How to format your references using the Earth System Governance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Governance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith, M., 2009. Time to turn off the lights. Nature 457, 27.

A journal article with 2 authors

Neronov, A., Vovk, I., 2010. Evidence for strong extragalactic magnetic fields from Fermi observations of TeV blazars. Science 328, 73–75.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vogel, E.K., McCollough, A.W., Machizawa, M.G., 2005. Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory. Nature 438, 500–503.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dubrova, Y.E., Bersimbaev, R.I., Djansugurova, L.B., Tankimanova, M.K., Mamyrbaeva, Z.Z., Mustonen, R., Lindholm, C., Hultén, M., Salomaa, S., 2002. Nuclear weapons tests and human germline mutation rate. Science 295, 1037.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sahalos, J.N., 2006. Orthogonal Methods for Array Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Wissing, M.P. (Ed.), 2013. Well-Being Research in South Africa, Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Chambrone, L., de la Rosa-Garza, M., Frias, E.G.V., Gonzalez, M.A.S., Pérez, G.G., Mendoza, G., Ramos, U.D., Shibli, J.A., Valenzuela, F.S.G., 2015. Esthetical Clinical Crown Lengthening, Lip Repositioning, and Gingival Depigmentation, in: Chambrone, L. (Ed.), Evidence-Based Periodontal and Peri-Implant Plastic Surgery: A Clinical Roadmap from Function to Aesthetics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 175–217.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Governance.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Scientists Capture The Sound Of An Atom For The First Time [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/sound-one-atom-shaking/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1976. GAO and Federal Government ADP Procurement (No. 100060). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bryant, J.D., 2014. The Investigation of Self-Determination in Students Participating in Higher Education with an Invisible Disability (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J.B., 2017. New Chief Portrays A Kinder, Gentler Uber. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Neronov and Vovk, 2010; Smith, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Neronov and Vovk, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Dubrova et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Governance
ISSN (print)	2589-8116
Scope