How to format your references using the Earth Science Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Science Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gilbert D (2011) Buried by bad decisions. Nature 474:275–277

A journal article with 2 authors

Ives AR, Carpenter SR (2007) Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science 317:58–62

A journal article with 3 authors

Putnam CD, Hayes TK, Kolodner RD (2009) Specific pathways prevent duplication-mediated genome rearrangements. Nature 460:984–989

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zarivach R, Deng W, Vuckovic M, et al (2008) Structural analysis of the essential self-cleaving type III secretion proteins EscU and SpaS. Nature 453:124–127

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Martin-Flatin J-P (2002) Web-Based Management of IP Networks and Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Chhem RK, Hibbert KM, Deven TV (eds) (2009) Radiology Education: The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Braganhol E, Bernardi A, Cappellari AR, et al (2011) The Role of Ectonucleotidases in Glioma Cell Proliferation. In: Hayat MA (ed) Tumors of the Central Nervous System, Volume 1: Gliomas: Glioblastoma (Part 1). Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 45–51

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Science Informatics.

Blog post

Fang J (2016) Salamanders In All-Female Populations Regrow Their Tails Faster. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/salamanders-all-female-populations-regrow-their-tails-faster/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Federal Student Loans: Better Oversight Could Improve Defaulted Loan Rehabilitation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beaven L (2014) Epiphanies of soul: “When the bolts of the universe fly open.” A depth psychological contemplation of wonder. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J (2017) Far-Right Leaders Loathe European Parliament, but Love Its Pay. New York Times A12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gilbert 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Ives and Carpenter 2007; Gilbert 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ives and Carpenter 2007)
Three or more authors: (Zarivach et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Science Informatics
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1865-0473
ISSN (online)	1865-0481
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences

Research and Writing Guides