How to format your references using the Earth Science Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Science Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Primavera JH (2005) Global voices of science: Mangroves, fishponds, and the quest for sustainability. Science 310:57–59

A journal article with 2 authors

Wender PA, Miller BL (2009) Synthesis at the molecular frontier. Nature 460:197–201

A journal article with 3 authors

Reichman OJ, Jones MB, Schildhauer MP (2011) Challenges and opportunities of open data in ecology. Science 331:703–705

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vocadlo DJ, Davies GJ, Laine R, Withers SG (2001) Catalysis by hen egg-white lysozyme proceeds via a covalent intermediate. Nature 412:835–838

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lamperti JW (1996) Probability: A Survey of the Mathematical Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gjedrem T (ed) (2005) Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Hassenzahl M (2005) The Thing and I: Understanding the Relationship Between User and Product. In: Blythe MA, Overbeeke K, Monk AF, Wright PC (eds) Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 31–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Science Informatics.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2015) Check Out This Blue Sea Slug Eating A Blue Button Jelly. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/check-out-blue-sea-slug-eating-blue-button-jelly/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) DOD Business Systems Modernization: Billions Being Invested without Adequate Oversight. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boggs BD (2012) An assessment of campus police departments across Mississippi’s public community and junior colleges. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen T (2015) In an Uber World, Fortune Favors the Freelancer. New York Times BU6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Primavera 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Primavera 2005; Wender and Miller 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wender and Miller 2009)
Three or more authors: (Vocadlo et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Science Informatics
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1865-0473
ISSN (online)	1865-0481
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences