How to format your references using the Earth Science Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Science Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scully T (2013) Tuberculosis. Nature 502:S1

A journal article with 2 authors

Dobson DP, Brodholt JP (2005) Subducted banded iron formations as a source of ultralow-velocity zones at the core-mantle boundary. Nature 434:371–374

A journal article with 3 authors

Fang Y, Seong N-H, Dlott DD (2008) Measurement of the distribution of site enhancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Science 321:388–392

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Khodri M, Leclainche Y, Ramstein G, et al (2001) Simulating the amplification of orbital forcing by ocean feedbacks in the last glaciation. Nature 410:570–574

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Celant G, Broniatowski M (2017) Interpolation and Extrapolation Optimal Designs 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kapitsaki GM, Santana de Almeida E (eds) (2016) Software Reuse: Bridging with Social-Awareness: 15th International Conference, ICSR 2016, Limassol, Cyprus, June 5-7, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Varden H (2010) A Kantian Conception of Free Speech. In: Golash D (ed) Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 39–55

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Science Informatics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Your Body is Telling You Something – but How do You Know if it’s Cancer? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/your-body-telling-you-something-how-do-you-know-if-it-s-cancer/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) DHS Science and Technology: Additional Steps Needed to Ensure Test and Evaluation Requirements Are Met. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blanchard EJ (2010) Legato trombone: A survey of pedagogical resources. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E (2013) Built Inside a Church, A Log Cabin Isn’t Near Its End. Scout’s Honor. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scully 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Dobson and Brodholt 2005; Scully 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dobson and Brodholt 2005)
Three or more authors: (Khodri et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Science Informatics
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1865-0473
ISSN (online)	1865-0481
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences