How to format your references using the Earth Science Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Science Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam D (2002) Field trials excluded from UK crop appraisal. Nature 420:453

A journal article with 2 authors

Clubb R, Mason G (2003) Animal welfare: captivity effects on wide-ranging carnivores. Nature 425:473–474

A journal article with 3 authors

Rockman MV, Skrovanek SS, Kruglyak L (2010) Selection at linked sites shapes heritable phenotypic variation in C. elegans. Science 330:372–376

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhu J, Zhang J, Xu H, et al (2014) Pressure-induced reversal between thermal contraction and expansion in ferroelectric PbTiO3. Sci Rep 4:3700

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Negre E (2015) Information and Recommender Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Wood PR (2009) Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery in Clinical Practice. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Standaert F-X, Pereira O, Yu Y, et al (2010) Leakage Resilient Cryptography in Practice. In: Sadeghi A-R, Naccache D (eds) Towards Hardware-Intrinsic Security: Foundations and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 99–134

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Science Informatics.

Blog post

Carpineti C (2017) Video: Flat-Earthers Present Their “Evidence” For Why The Earth Is Flat. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/this-video-shows-some-of-the-completely-serious-evidence-that-some-people-believe-proves-the-earth-is-flat/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1972) Expenditures by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for Relocation of Offices and Related Alterations to Buildings in Michoud, Lousiana. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kim H (2017) Empathy in the Early Childhood Classroom: Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions, Understanding and Practices. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD, Nixon R (2017) More Immigrants Face Deportation Under New Rules. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Adam 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Adam 2002; Clubb and Mason 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clubb and Mason 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zhu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Science Informatics
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1865-0473
ISSN (online)	1865-0481
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences