How to format your references using the Earth Science Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Science Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wei H (2011) Fundamental limits of “ankylography” due to dimensional deficiency. Nature 480:E1

A journal article with 2 authors

Verhulst S, Tinbergen JM (2001) Variation in food supply, time of breeding, and energy expenditure in birds. Science 294:471

A journal article with 3 authors

Gregg MC, Sanford TB, Winkel DP (2003) Reduced mixing from the breaking of internal waves in equatorial waters. Nature 422:513–515

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang Y, Li H, Zhao G, et al (2014) Hydrogen sulfide attenuates the recruitment of CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ myeloid cells and regulates Bax/Bcl-2 signaling in myocardial ischemia injury. Sci Rep 4:4774

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Green PE Jr (2005) Fiber to the Home. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Neri G, Donato N, d’Amico A, Di Natale C (eds) (2011) Sensors and Microsystems: AISEM 2010 Proceedings. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Csató G, Dacorogna B, Kneuss O (2012) An Identity Involving Exterior Derivatives and Gaffney Inequality. In: Dacorogna B, Kneuss O (eds) The Pullback Equation for Differential Forms. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, pp 101–120

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Science Informatics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Iranian Becomes First Woman To Ever Win The “Nobel Prize” Of Mathematics. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Compensatory Education: Aguilar v. Felton Decision’s Continuing Impact on Chapter 1 Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker MC (2010) A descriptive study of the view from the top: Perspectives of experts in continuing medical education. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2011) The Champions In Verse, And With Ghosts. New York Times SP4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wei 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Verhulst and Tinbergen 2001; Wei 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Verhulst and Tinbergen 2001)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Science Informatics
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1865-0473
ISSN (online)	1865-0481
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences