How to format your references using the Earth-Observations-X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth-Observations-X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Meselson, M., 2012. Retrospective. Paul Mead Doty (1920-2011). Science 335, 181.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bensinger, S.J., Tontonoz, P., 2008. Integration of metabolism and inflammation by lipid-activated nuclear receptors. Nature 454, 470–477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang, S., Bai, M., Wang, L., 2013. General and facile surface functionalization of hydrophobic nanocrystals with poly(amino acid) for cell luminescence imaging. Sci. Rep. 3, 2023.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tegze, M., Faigel, G., Marchesini, S., Belakhovsky, M., Ulrich, O., 2000. Imaging light atoms by X-ray holography. Nature 407, 38.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sundar, V., 2015. Ocean Wave Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Acquaah, M. (Ed.), 2016. Family Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa: Behavioral and Strategic Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Okitsu, K., 2011. Sonochemical Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles, in: Ashokkumar, M. (Ed.), Theoretical and Experimental Sonochemistry Involving Inorganic Systems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 131–150.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth-Observations-X.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Meet Dreadnoughtus, the Mesozoic monster that patrolled Argentina 80 million years ago [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/meet-dreadnoughtus-mesozoic-monster-patrolled-argentina-80-million-years-ago/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Delays in Critical Air Traffic Control Modernization Projects Require Increased FAA Attention to Existing Systems (No. T-IMTEC-91-14). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garbarini, L., 2017. Comparison of the Completion Pathways of Four Categories of Doctoral Students from a Midwestern University (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dinardo, K., 2014. Charting the Journey to Sochi. New York Times TR11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Meselson, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Bensinger and Tontonoz, 2008; Meselson, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bensinger and Tontonoz, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Tegze et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth-Observations-X
ISSN (print)	2468-1199
Scope

Research and Writing Guides