How to format your references using the Earth-Observations-X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth-Observations-X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foster, I., 2005. Service-oriented science. Science 308, 814–817.

A journal article with 2 authors

Win, M.N., Smolke, C.D., 2008. Higher-order cellular information processing with synthetic RNA devices. Science 322, 456–460.

A journal article with 3 authors

Giannini, A., Saravanan, R., Chang, P., 2003. Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales. Science 302, 1027–1030.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Alison, M.R., Poulsom, R., Jeffery, R., Dhillon, A.P., Quaglia, A., Jacob, J., Novelli, M., Prentice, G., Williamson, J., Wright, N.A., 2000. Hepatocytes from non-hepatic adult stem cells. Nature 406, 257.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smaini, L., 2012. RF Analog Impairments Modeling for Communication Systems Simulation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Almeida, L., Ji, J., Steinbauer, G., Luke, S. (Eds.), 2015. RoboCup 2015: Robot World Cup XIX, 1st ed. 2015. ed, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Giraud, O., Georgeot, B., Martin, J., 2009. Entanglement and Localization of Wavefunctions, in: Casati, G., Matrasulov, D. (Eds.), Complex Phenomena in Nanoscale Systems, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 51–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth-Observations-X.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Scientists Can Tell How Old A Star Is Based On How Fast It’s Spinning [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-age-stars-based-their-spin/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Strategic Bombers: B-2 Program Status and Current Issues (No. NSIAD-90-120). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ware, R.J., 2012. Middle School Students’ Perceptions of Their Interests in Reading As Defined By Engagement and Social Interaction When Using Sustained Silent Reading, SSR, and Peer Interests Reading Strategies, PIRS (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen, T., 2015. Stuck in Line? Think of What You Stand to Gain. New York Times BU3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Foster, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Foster, 2005; Win and Smolke, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Win and Smolke, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Alison et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth-Observations-X
ISSN (print)	2468-1199
Scope