How to format your references using the Early Popular Visual Culture citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Early Popular Visual Culture. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown, David. 2012. “Mutant Flu - the View from the Newsroom.” Nature 485 (7396): 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gargiulo, Floriana, and Timoteo Carletti. 2014. “Driving Forces of Researchers Mobility.” Scientific Reports 4 (May): 4860.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bishop, Joseph R., Manuela Schuksz, and Jeffrey D. Esko. 2007. “Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans Fine-Tune Mammalian Physiology.” Nature 446 (7139): 1030–1037.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lee, Sena J., Stefan Evers, Daniel Roeder, Albert F. Parlow, Juha Risteli, Leila Risteli, Y. C. Lee, Ten Feizi, Hanno Langen, and Michel C. Nussenzweig. 2002. “Mannose Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Serum Glycoprotein Homeostasis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295 (5561): 1898–1901.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoy, Joseph. 2015. Forensic Radio Survey Techniques for Cell Site Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Luan, Sheng, ed. 2011. Coding and Decoding of Calcium Signals in Plants. Signaling and Communication in Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cerdà, V., J. Avivar, L. Ferrer, and L. O. Leal. 2013. “Automatic Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring Systems.” In Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring, edited by Subhas C. Mukhopadhyay and Alex Mason, 105–123. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Early Popular Visual Culture.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “Channel-Hopping Moth Plague: Our Clothes Are Safe, But Mind The Cabbages.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/channelhopping-moth-plague-our-clothes-are-safe-but-mind-the-cabbages/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Export Controls: NASA Management Action and Improved Oversight Needed to Reduce the Risk of Unauthorized Access to Its Technologies. GAO-14-690T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sikorsky, Alison A. 2014. “Concentration Enhancement and Device Fabrication for the Improved Performance of Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis.” Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, Ben. 2017. “Judge Reinstates Suit Over Rolling Stone Rape Article.” New York Times, September 19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brown 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Brown 2012; Gargiulo and Carletti 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gargiulo and Carletti 2014)
Three authors: (Bishop, Schuksz, and Esko 2007)
4 or more authors: (Lee et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Early Popular Visual Culture
Abbreviation	Early Popul. Vis. Cult.
ISSN (print)	1746-0654
ISSN (online)	1746-0662
Scope	History Visual Arts and Performing Arts Cultural Studies