How to format your references using the Early Childhood Research Quarterly citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Early Childhood Research Quarterly. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carthew, R. W. (2006). Molecular biology. A new RNA dimension to genome control. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5785), 305–306.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hartl, F. U., & Hayer-Hartl, M. (2002). Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5561), 1852–1858.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hu, Y., Lee, C. C., & Ribbe, M. W. (2011). Extending the carbon chain: hydrocarbon formation catalyzed by vanadium/molybdenum nitrogenases. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6043), 753–755.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wachowiak, A., Yamachika, R., Khoo, K. H., Wang, Y., Grobis, M., Lee, D.-H., Louie, S. G., & Crommie, M. F. (2005). Visualization of the molecular Jahn-Teller effect in an insulating K4C60 monolayer. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5747), 468–470.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Michaelian, K. H. (2005). Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Simovici, D. A. (2008). Mathematical Tools for Data Mining: Set Theory, Partial Orders, Combinatorics (C. Djeraba, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Shantsila, E., Apostolakis, S., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2013). New Oral Anticoagulants. In G. Y. H. Lip & E. Shantsila (Eds.), Handbook of Oral Anticoagulation (pp. 53–86). Springer Healthcare Ltd.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Early Childhood Research Quarterly.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, May 29). Forming Star Resembles Solar System’s Early Days. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/forming-star-resembles-solar-systems-early-days/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Overhead Costs: Costs Charged by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace’s Space Station Division (NSIAD-94-150). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahmadi, S. A. (2009). Synergistic interplay between math search and handwritten mathematical notation recognition [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2011, April 15). Russia: Jehovah’s Witness Acquitted of Incitement. New York Times, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Carthew, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Carthew, 2006; Hartl & Hayer-Hartl, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hartl & Hayer-Hartl, 2002)
Three authors: (Hu et al., 2011)
6 or more authors: (Wachowiak et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Early Childhood Research Quarterly
Abbreviation	Early Child. Res. Q.
ISSN (print)	0885-2006
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Sociology and Political Science