How to format your references using the Drug Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drug Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Macilwain C. US considers moves to relieve morale crisis at energy labs. Nature. 2000;407:547–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bezdek R, Wendling R. Recruiters and industry. Job creation and environmental protection. Nature. 2005;434:678.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. von Melchner L, Pallas SL, Sur M. Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the auditory pathway. Nature. 2000;404:871–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, de Wilde RF, Klimstra DS, Maitra A, et al. DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science. 2011;331:1199–203.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zelterman D. Discrete Distributions: Applications in the Health Sciences. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Franconi E, Kifer M, May W, editors. The Semantic Web: Research and Applications: 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007, Innsbruck, Austria, June 3-7, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jan D, Janusz P. Concurrent Development of Products, Processes and Manufacturing Systems in PLM Environments. In: Pokojski J, Fukuda S, Salwiński J, editors. New World Situation: New Directions in Concurrent Engineering: Proceedings of the 17th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering. London: Springer; 2010. p. 43–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drug Safety.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Mutated Plants Can Remove TNT From The Soil [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mutated-plants-break-down-tnt-soil/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Problems of Management Information Systems: Why They Fail. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Jan. Report No.: 091001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Salam S. Interplay between Fines Content and Strength Characteristics of CA 6 and CA 2 Crushed Limestone Aggregate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. A Bus Stop May Disappear, And Some Old Bones Groan. New York Times. 2003 Mar 30;145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drug Safety
Abbreviation	Drug Saf.
ISSN (print)	0114-5916
ISSN (online)	1179-1942
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology Toxicology