How to format your references using the Displays citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Displays. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

T.G. Benton, Ecology. Managing farming’s footprint on biodiversity, Science 315 (2007) 341–342.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Abrahamson, J. Dinniss, Ball lightning caused by oxidation of nanoparticle networks from normal lightning strikes on soil, Nature 403 (2000) 519–521.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D.S. Dreger, S.R. Ford, W.R. Walter, Source analysis of the Crandall Canyon, Utah, mine collapse, Science 321 (2008) 217.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E. Haeussner, A. Buehlmeyer, C. Schmitz, F.E. von Koch, H.-G. Frank, Novel 3D microscopic analysis of human placental villous trees reveals unexpected significance of branching angles, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6192.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Davis, J. McKimm, K. Forrest, How to Assess Doctors and Health Professionals, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

J.F. Wendt, ed., Computational Fluid Dynamics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P.T. Lankin, P.C. Shon, Triad, Yakuza, and Jok-Pok: Asian Gangsters in Cinema, in: J. Liu, B. Hebenton, S. Jou (Eds.), Handbook of Asian Criminology, Springer, New York, NY, 2013: pp. 65–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Displays.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, How Can We Predict The Hottest Year On Record When Weather Forecasts Are So Uncertain?, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, FAA Alaska: Weak Controls Resulted in Improper and Wasteful Purchases, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.L. Delcambre, Finite Difference Schemes for a Structured Model of Mycobacterium marinum, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Sisario, Another Exclusive Yields No. 1 Album, New York Times (2016) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Displays
Abbreviation	Displays
ISSN (print)	0141-9382
Scope	Hardware and Architecture Human-Computer Interaction Electrical and Electronic Engineering