How to format your references using the Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Müller-Wodarg, I.C.F. Planetary Science. Exploring Other Worlds to Learn More about Our Own. Science 2006, 312, 1319–1320.

A journal article with 2 authors

Balazs, A.C.; Epstein, I.R. Chemistry. Emergent or Just Complex? Science 2009, 325, 1632–1634.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chesler, P.M.; Liu, H.; Adams, A. Holographic Vortex Liquids and Superfluid Turbulence. Science 2013, 341, 368–372.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Qian, G.-R.; Lyakhov, A.O.; Zhu, Q.; Oganov, A.R.; Dong, X. Novel Hydrogen Hydrate Structures under Pressure. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5606.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Akcoglu, M.A.; Bartha, P.F.A.; Ha, D.M. Analysis in Vector Spaces; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2009; ISBN 9781118164587.

An edited book

The Patellofemoral Joint: State of the Art in Evaluation and Management; Gobbi, A., Espregueira-Mendes, J., Nakamura, N., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; ISBN 9783642549649.

A chapter in an edited book

Drescher, M.; Buse, L.J.; Perera, A.H.; Ouellette, M.R. Eliciting Expert Knowledge of Forest Succession Using an Innovative Software Tool. In Expert Knowledge and Its Application in Landscape Ecology; Perera, A.H., Drew, C.A., Johnson, C.J., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2012; pp. 69–85 ISBN 9781461410331.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew, D. Some Scientific Explanations for Alien Abduction That Aren’t so Out of This World Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/some-scientific-explanations-for-alien-abduction-that-arent-so-out-of-this-world/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office VA Information Technology: Improvements Needed to Implement Legislative Reforms; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1998;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Turpin-Padberg, S. Effects of Elementary Teacher Preparation and Support on Retention. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University: St. Charles, MO, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, L.; Victor, D. Who’s Right About G.O.P. Bill’s Claims, a Senator or a Late-Night Host? New York Times 2017, A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diseases
Abbreviation	Diseases
ISSN (online)	2079-9721
Scope

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