How to format your references using the Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger, K. Does Travel Broaden the Scientific Mind? Nature 2002, 419, 5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dickson, D.; Abbott, A. Britain Asks to Join European Southern Observatory. Nature 2000, 405, 382–383.

A journal article with 3 authors

Michael, H.A.; Mulligan, A.E.; Harvey, C.F. Seasonal Oscillations in Water Exchange between Aquifers and the Coastal Ocean. Nature 2005, 436, 1145–1148.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Roder, C.; Berumen, M.L.; Bouwmeester, J.; Papathanassiou, E.; Al-Suwailem, A.; Voolstra, C.R. First Biological Measurements of Deep-Sea Corals from the Red Sea. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2802.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tms Engineering Solutions for Sustainability; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9781118196823.

An edited book

Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe: United in Sustainable Diversity; Idowu, S.O., Schmidpeter, R., Fifka, M.S., Eds.; CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; ISBN 9783319135656.

A chapter in an edited book

Chaitankar, V.; Zhang, C.; Ghosh, P.; Gong, P.; Perkins, E.J.; Deng, Y. Predictive Minimum Description Length Principle Approach to Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks. In Software Tools and Algorithms for Biological Systems; Arabnia, H.R., Tran, Q.-N., Eds.; Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; Springer: New York, NY, 2011; pp. 37–43 ISBN 9781441970459.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diseases.

Blog post

Taub, B. Sierra Leone Is Now Officially Free Of Ebola Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sierra-leone-now-free-ebola/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Telecommunications: Update on State-Level Cramming Complaints and Enforcement Actions; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2000;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krug, K.A. Critical Literacy in the Face of a Mandated Curriculum: Can Children Read beyond the Text? Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, J. Building on Twin Strands of Music and Compassion. New York Times 2017, A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diseases
Abbreviation	Diseases
ISSN (online)	2079-9721
Scope