How to format your references using the Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wolpert, A.J. The Future of Electronic Data. Nature 2002, 420, 17–18.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mackelprang, R.; Rubin, E.M. Paleontology. New Tricks with Old Bones. Science 2008, 321, 211–212.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ash, C.; Foley, J.; Pennisi, E. Microbial Ecology. Lost in Microbial Space. Special Section Introduction. Science 2008, 320, 1027.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Trajkovic, K.; Hsu, C.; Chiantia, S.; Rajendran, L.; Wenzel, D.; Wieland, F.; Schwille, P.; Brügger, B.; Simons, M. Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes. Science 2008, 319, 1244–1247.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chan, N.H.; Wong, H.Y. Handbook of Financial Risk Management; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013; ISBN 9781118573570.

An edited book

Mapping Transition in the Pamirs: Changing Human-Environmental Landscapes; Kreutzmann, H., Watanabe, T., Eds.; Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research; 1st ed. 2016.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319231976.

A chapter in an edited book

Frauendorfer, K.; Kuhn, D.; Schürle, M. Barycentric Bounds in Stochastic Programming: Theory and Application. In Stochastic Programming: The State of the Art In Honor of George B. Dantzig; Infanger, G., Ed.; International Series in Operations Research & Management Science; Springer: New York, NY, 2011; pp. 67–96 ISBN 9781441916419.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diseases.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Humanity Is Not Ready To Face Off Against Asteroids Yet Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/humanity-is-not-ready-to-face-off-against-asteroids-yet/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Intermodal Transportation: Potential Strategies Would Redefine Federal Role in Developing Airport Intermodal Capabilities; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2005;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mickey, J. Random Linear Network Coding with Added Prefix Bits. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana: Lafayette, LA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson, G. Beyond Energy, Matter, Time and Space. New York Times 2014, D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diseases
Abbreviation	Diseases
ISSN (online)	2079-9721
Scope