How to format your references using the Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lehmann, J. A Handful of Carbon. Nature 2007, 447, 143–144.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pörtner, H.O.; Knust, R. Climate Change Affects Marine Fishes through the Oxygen Limitation of Thermal Tolerance. Science 2007, 315, 95–97.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cui, M.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T.P. Stabilizing Liquid Drops in Nonequilibrium Shapes by the Interfacial Jamming of Nanoparticles. Science 2013, 342, 460–463.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, Y.; Masson, J.-Y.; Shah, R.; O’Regan, P.; West, S.C. RAD51C Is Required for Holliday Junction Processing in Mammalian Cells. Science 2004, 303, 243–246.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ralph, D.; Graham, P. MMS: Technologies, Usage and Business Models; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2004; ISBN 9780470861189.

An edited book

Middleware 2012: ACM/IFIP/USENIX 13th International Middleware Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada, December 3-7, 2012. Proceedings; Narasimhan, P., Triantafillou, P., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; Vol. 7662; ISBN 9783642351693.

A chapter in an edited book

Davidson, J.O. Treble Troubles? Marketization, Social Protection and Emancipation Considered Through the Lens of Slavery. In The Commonalities of Global Crises: Markets, Communities and Nostalgia; Karner, C., Weicht, B., Eds.; Palgrave Macmillan UK: London, 2016; pp. 87–114 ISBN 9781137502711.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diseases.

Blog post

Fang, J. Seal And Octopus Battle Captured On Camera Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/seal-and-octopus-battle-captured-british-columbia/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Time Is Running Out for Federal Agencies to Prepare for the New Millennium; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Romanek, J.L. The Relative Influence of Sensation Seeking and Normal Narcissism on Academic Cheating in Emerging Adults. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University: Scottsdale, AZ, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brownell, K.D.; Nestle, M. The Sweet And Lowdown On Sugar. New York Times 2004, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diseases
Abbreviation	Diseases
ISSN (online)	2079-9721
Scope