How to format your references using the Disease-a-Month citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Disease-a-Month. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaessmann H. Genetics. More than just a copy. Science. 2009;325(5943):958-959.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chiappe LM, Bertelli S. Palaeontology: skull morphology of giant terror birds. Nature. 2006;443(7114):929.

A journal article with 3 authors

van den Heuvel MGL, de Graaff MP, Dekker C. Molecular sorting by electrical steering of microtubules in kinesin-coated channels. Science. 2006;312(5775):910-914.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kang Z, Yuan J, Zhang X, et al. CMOS-compatible 2-bit optical spectral quantization scheme using a silicon-nanocrystal-based horizontal slot waveguide. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7177.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Willis DO. Business Basics for Dentists. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Anpo M, Kamat PV, eds. Environmentally Benign Photocatalysts: Applications of Titanium Oxide-Based Materials. 1st ed. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Andreassi L, Ubertini S, Bove R, Sammes NM. CFD-Based Results for Planar and Micro-Tubular Single Cell Designs. In: Bove R, Ubertini S, eds. Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Methods, Procedures and Techniques. Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Energy. Springer Netherlands; 2008:97-122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Disease-a-Month.

Blog post

Andrew E. Albert Einstein Told Marie Curie To Ignore The Haters. IFLScience. December 9, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/albert-einstein-told-marie-curie-ignore-haters/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Spectrum Management: Better Knowledge Needed to Take Advantage of Technologies That May Improve Spectrum Efficiency. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard JT. Transracial Adoption Psychoeducational Services for Potential Adoptive Parents: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Asia: China And Russia Plan First Joint Military Exercise. New York Times. December 14, 2004:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Disease-a-Month
Abbreviation	Dis. Mon.
ISSN (print)	0011-5029
Scope	General Medicine