How to format your references using the Disease-a-Month citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Disease-a-Month. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Newman M. Applied mathematics. The power of design. Nature. 2000;405(6785):412-413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reichhardt CJO, Lopatina LM. Materials science. A ball-and-chain polymer model. Science. 2009;326(5951):374-375.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tewksbury JJ, Huey RB, Deutsch CA. Ecology. Putting the heat on tropical animals. Science. 2008;320(5881):1296-1297.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bae SH, Bae KH, Kim JA, Seo YS. RPA governs endonuclease switching during processing of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes. Nature. 2001;412(6845):456-461.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gerardi MH, Zimmerman MC. Wastewater Pathogens. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Kyriakides E, Polycarpou M, eds. Intelligent Monitoring, Control, and Security of Critical Infrastructure Systems. Vol 565. Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Garini Y, Tauber E. Spectral Imaging: Methods, Design, and Applications. In: Liang R, ed. Biomedical Optical Imaging Technologies: Design and Applications. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer; 2013:111-161.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Disease-a-Month.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Strangest Defence Mechanisms In The Animal Kingdom. IFLScience. April 2, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/strangest-defence-mechanisms-animal-kingdom/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Compensation by 12 Aerospace Contractors. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson R. Grounding Theatricality in Reality: The Creation of the Role of Suzie in “Current Nobody.” Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS. Pilgrim, The Final Volume. New York Times. July 19, 2010:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Disease-a-Month
Abbreviation	Dis. Mon.
ISSN (print)	0011-5029
Scope	General Medicine