How to format your references using the Digital Signal Processing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Signal Processing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S.H. Muggleton, 2020 computing: exceeding human limits, Nature 440 (2006) 409–410.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Benoist, N. Hacohen, Immunology. Flow cytometry, amped up, Science 332 (2011) 677–678.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Huang, M. Bai, L. Wang, General and facile surface functionalization of hydrophobic nanocrystals with poly(amino acid) for cell luminescence imaging, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2023.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

F. Lamy, J. Kaiser, U. Ninnemann, D. Hebbeln, H.W. Arz, J. Stoner, Antarctic timing of surface water changes off Chile and Patagonian ice sheet response, Science 304 (2004) 1959–1962.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

F. Giannini, G. Leuzzi, Nonlinear Microwave Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

I. Eilks, A. Hofstein, eds., Teaching Chemistry – A Studybook: A Practical Guide and Textbook for Student Teachers, Teacher Trainees and Teachers, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D.H. Jenkins, The Effects of Bullets, in: A.J. Brooks, J. Clasper, M. Midwinter, T.J. Hodgetts, P.F. Mahoney (Eds.), Ryan’s Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide, Springer, London, 2011: pp. 37–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Signal Processing.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Overfishing Is Driving European Fish Stocks To Extinction, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Training and Education Programs for Civilian Employees in the Federal Government, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Espinoza, A Latina’s educational attainment and her observations of foster youth’s educational struggles: A narrative, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, From Restaurant Fryers, A Petroleum Alternative, New York Times (2007) 14LI6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Signal Processing
Abbreviation	Digit. Signal Process.
ISSN (print)	1051-2004
Scope	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering