How to format your references using the Digital Signal Processing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Signal Processing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N. Savage, Aerodynamics: Vortices and robobees, Nature 521 (2015) S64-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Hwang, E.R.M. Druffel, Lipid-like material as the source of the uncharacterized organic carbon in the ocean?, Science 299 (2003) 881–884.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P.W. Reddien, S. Cameron, H.R. Horvitz, Phagocytosis promotes programmed cell death in C. elegans, Nature 412 (2001) 198–202.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

B. Gebert, W. Fischer, E. Weiss, R. Hoffmann, R. Haas, Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin inhibits T lymphocyte activation, Science 301 (2003) 1099–1102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A.E.A. Warren, R.M. Lerner, E. Phelps, Thriving and Spirituality Among Youth, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

M. Tonolini, ed., Imaging Complications of Gastrointestinal and Biliopancreatic Endoscopy Procedures, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A.-S.K. Pathan, C.S. Hong, Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, in: S. Misra, I. Woungang, S. Chandra Misra (Eds.), Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Springer, London, 2009: pp. 59–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Signal Processing.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Chilean Government Releases An Unexplainable “UFO Sighting” Video, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/technology/chilean-government-releases-an-unexplainable-ufo-sighting-video/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Communications: Actions Needed to Ensure Advanced High Frequency Radios Interoperate, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

H.L. Ryan, Normalizing happiness: The rhetoric of depression in Direct -to -Consumer advertising, Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Koblin, HBO Ends Talk Show for Ex-Star of ESPN, New York Times (2016) B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Signal Processing
Abbreviation	Digit. Signal Process.
ISSN (print)	1051-2004
Scope	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering