How to format your references using the Digital Scholarship in the Humanities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Petherick, A. (2010). Campaigning for Chagas Disease. Nature, 465(7301), pp. S21-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clarke, C. F. and Allan, C. M. (2015). Biochemistry: Unexpected Role for Vitamin B2. Nature, 522(7557), pp. 427–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meeusen, S., McCaffery, J. M. and Nunnari, J. (2004). Mitochondrial Fusion Intermediates Revealed in Vitro. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5691), pp. 1747–52.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hashimoto, T. et al. (2018). The Onset of Star Formation 250 Million Years after the Big Bang. Nature, 557(7705), pp. 392–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Willan, A. R. and Briggs, A. H. (2006). Statistical Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness Data. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

George, L. and Vardanega, T. (eds) (2014). Reliable Software Technologies – Ada-Europe 2014: 19th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Paris, France, June 23-27, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Frere, S. and Slutsky, I. (2015). Calcium Imaging Using Transient Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging by Line-Scanning TCSPC. In Becker, W. (ed.), Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Applications. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 213–24.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Scholarship in the Humanities.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014). The Closest Hypervelocity Star Ever Seen. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/closest-hypervelocity-star-ever-seen/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). (GAO-10-227SP) NASA: Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seger, J. L. (2017). The Occupy Movement: Signs of Cultural Shifts in Group Processes Shaped by Place. [Doctoral Dissertation Thesis]. Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnes, B. and Buckley, C. (2017). ‘La La Land’ Dominates With Record Wins. New York Times, 8 January, p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Petherick, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Petherick, 2010; Clarke and Allan, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clarke and Allan, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Hashimoto et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
ISSN (print)	2055-7671
ISSN (online)	2055-768X
Scope