How to format your references using the Digestion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digestion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grangier P. Physics. Room for just one photon. Science. 2012 May;336(6083):812–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Toyoshima C, Mizutani T. Crystal structure of the calcium pump with a bound ATP analogue. Nature. 2004 Jul;430(6999):529–35.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gélinas Y, Baldock JA, Hedges JI. Organic carbon composition of marine sediments: effect of oxygen exposure on oil generation potential. Science. 2001 Oct;294(5540):145–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Garcia-Viloca M, Gao J, Karplus M, Truhlar DG. How enzymes work: analysis by modern rate theory and computer simulations. Science. 2004 Jan;303(5655):186–95.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nguyen K, Guo X, Pan Y. Multiple Biological Sequence Alignment: Scoring Functions, Algorithms and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Droste-Franke B. Improving Energy Decisions: Towards Better Scientific Policy Advice for a Safe and Secure Future Energy System. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Carter CB, Norton MG. Models, Crystals, and Chemistry. In: Norton MG, editor. Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering. New York, NY: Springer; 2013; pp 73–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digestion.

Blog post

Andrew E. Heroin Use and Overdose Deaths Rising in the U.S [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jul [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/heroin-use-and-overdose-deaths-rise-us/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA ADP Systems: Information on the Automated Mission and Payload Tracking System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Racho MO. Attributes of Asian American senior leaders who have retained their cultural identity and been successful in American corporations. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fox M. Boris Pokrovsky, 97, Bolshoi Director. New York Times. 2009 Jun;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Digestion
Abbreviation	Digestion
ISSN (print)	0012-2823
ISSN (online)	1421-9867
Scope	Gastroenterology

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