How to format your references using the Diabetology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Harte B. Geochemistry. Diamond window into the lower mantle. Science. 2011;334:51–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chung HS, Eaton WA. Single-molecule fluorescence probes dynamics of barrier crossing. Nature. 2013;502:685–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Carpenter SJ, Erickson JM, Holland FD Jr. Migration of a Late Cretaceous fish. Nature. 2003;423:70–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jain A, Aravindan V, Jayaraman S, Kumar PS, Balasubramanian R, Ramakrishna S, et al. Activated carbons derived from coconut shells as high energy density cathode material for Li-ion capacitors. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Dye FJ. Dictionary of Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine, and Translational Medicine. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Turksen K, editor. Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Komorowski T, Landim C, Olla S. Bounds and Variational Principles for the Asymptotic Variance. In: Landim C, Olla S, editors. Fluctuations in Markov Processes: Time Symmetry and Martingale Approximation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 137–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetology International.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. How To Tell If Your Boss Is A Psychopath – And What To Do About It. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Land Management Systems: Information on BLM’s Automated Land and Mineral Record System Release 2 Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Jun. Report No.: AIMD-97-109R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Reddy GS. Modulo Multipliers with Adaptive Delay for a High Dynamic Range Residue Number System Using Booth Encoding [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gorman J. Bees Are Good at Grooming. It’s All in the Hair. New York Times. 2017 May 15;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetology International
Abbreviation	Diabetol. Int.
ISSN (print)	2190-1678
ISSN (online)	2190-1686
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine