How to format your references using the Diabetology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Trust me, I’m a doctor. Nature. 2003;426:101.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. The ethylene signaling pathway. Science. 2004;306:1513–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Alexander RB, Smith RA, Schwarz GE. Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico. Nature. 2000;403:758–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ghai R, Mizuno CM, Picazo A, Camacho A, Rodriguez-Valera F. Metagenomics uncovers a new group of low GC and ultra-small marine Actinobacteria. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2471.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bragg SM. Accounting Best Practices. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Golden CJ. The Intercorrelation of Traumatic Brain Injury and PTSD in Neuropsychological Evaluations. Driskell LD, K. Lashley L, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Calzolai F, De Nicola R, Loreti M, Tiezzi F. TAPAs: A Tool for the Analysis of Process Algebras. In: Jensen K, Aalst WMP van der, Billington J, editors. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 54–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetology International.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Three Dogs Had A Nasty Run-In With A Porcupine [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crowdfunding-helps-three-dogs-who-had-nasty-run-porcupine/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. [Comments on FAA Employee’s Claim for Temporary Quarters Subsistence Expenses]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Jan. Report No.: B-257914.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tang J. Understanding the college experiences of Cambodian American students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shear MD, Cooper H, Schmitt E. Trump Warns Assad After Reports of Possible Gas Preparations. New York Times. 2017 Jun 27;A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetology International
Abbreviation	Diabetol. Int.
ISSN (print)	2190-1678
ISSN (online)	2190-1686
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine