How to format your references using the Diabetes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sohl F. Planetary science. Revealing Titan’s interior. Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1338–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Benartzi S, Thaler RH. Economics. Behavioral economics and the retirement savings crisis. Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1152–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cook DJ, Teves L, Tymianski M. Treatment of stroke with a PSD-95 inhibitor in the gyrencephalic primate brain. Nature. 2012 Feb 29;483(7388):213–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Palmer TM, Stanton ML, Young TP, Goheen JR, Pringle RM, Karban R. Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism follows the loss of large herbivores from an African savanna. Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):192–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allen M. Foundations of Forensic Document Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Ibarra OH, Kari L, Kopecki S, editors. Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation: 13th International Conference, UCNC 2014, London, ON, Canada, July 14-18, 2014, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XXX, 394 p. 183 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 8553).

A chapter in an edited book

Knoepffler N, O’Malley M. Ethical Aspects. In: Rustemeyer T, Elsner P, John SM, Maibach HI, editors. Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 27–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes.

Blog post

Davis J. Ants Craft Their Own Powerful Antibiotics By Mixing Different Substances. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intermodal Transportation: A Variety of Factors Influence Airport-Intercity Passenger Rail Connectivity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Aug. Report No.: GAO-13-691.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goldberg AL. The Seriously Ill Patient’s Broken Care Continuum: One Community’s Action Response [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling MK. The Accidental Tourist. New York Times. 2017 May 9;M2106.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes
Abbreviation	Diabetes
ISSN (print)	0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine

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