How to format your references using the Diabetes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baillie JK. Translational genomics. Targeting the host immune response to fight infection. Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):807–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hu X, Zhou Q. Novel hydrated graphene ribbon unexpectedly promotes aged seed germination and root differentiation. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 21;4:3782.

A journal article with 3 authors

Plante OJ, Palmacci ER, Seeberger PH. Automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1523–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pinkston JM, Garigan D, Hansen M, Kenyon C. Mutations that increase the life span of C. elegans inhibit tumor growth. Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):971–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baker HK, English P. Capital Budgeting Valuation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Gunde-Cimerman N, Oren A, Plemenitaš A, editors. Adaptation to Life at High Salt Concentrations in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. XII, 576 p. (Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology; vol. 9).

A chapter in an edited book

Arrigoni P, Van Tongel A, Eygendaal D, Adamczyk G, Pederzini L. Elbow Arthroscopy: From Basic to Advance. In: Zaffagnini S, Becker R, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Espregueira Mendes J, Dijk CN van, editors. ESSKA Instructional Course Lecture Book: Amsterdam 2014. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 41–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes.

Blog post

Fang J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Male Jumping Spiders Square Off Against Animated Rivals. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-jumping-spiders-square-against-animated-rivals/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. District of Columbia Government: Overtime Costs Exceed Those of Neighboring Governments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Sep. Report No.: GGD-97-159BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moeller RA. “No thanks, those are boy books”: A feminist cultural analysis of graphic novels as curricular materials [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kleiman K. Change Sweeps Through Black Theater in Chicago. New York Times. 2011 Jul 8;A19B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes
Abbreviation	Diabetes
ISSN (print)	0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine