How to format your references using the Diabetes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wang Q. China’s citizens must act to save their environment. Nature. 2013 May 9;497(7448):159.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barry C, Doeller CF. Neuroscience. 3D mapping in the brain. Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):279–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lishko PV, Botchkina IL, Kirichok Y. Progesterone activates the principal Ca2+ channel of human sperm. Nature. 2011 Mar 17;471(7338):387–91.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cao CY, Shen YY, Wang JD, Li L, Liang GL. Controlled intracellular self-assembly of gadolinium nanoparticles as smart molecular MR contrast agents. Sci Rep. 2013 Jan 3;3:1024.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barnes P, Davies M. Sub-Contracting under the JCT 2005 Forms. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.

An edited book

Iskra-Golec I, Barnes-Farrell J, Bohle P, editors. Social and Family Issues in Shift Work and Non Standard Working Hours. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. X, 202 p. 8 illus., 3 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Cui X. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine. In: Turksen K, editor. Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 109–22. (Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. FDA Buries Evidence of Fraud. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fda-burying-evidence-fraud/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Public Transportation: Federal Project Approval Process Remains a Barrier to Greater Private Sector Role and DOT Could Enhance Efforts to Assist Project Sponsors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Oct. Report No.: GAO-10-19.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lim T. Information-Theoretic Aspects of Signal Analysis and Reconstruction [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L, Neroulias N. School Districts Gird For Bad-News Budgets. New York Times. 2009 Mar 22;LI1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes
Abbreviation	Diabetes
ISSN (print)	0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine