How to format your references using the Diabetes Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tollestrup AV. Robert Rathbun Wilson (1914-2000). Nature. 2000 Mar 23;404(6776):350.

A journal article with 2 authors

Felsenfeld G, Groudine M. Controlling the double helix. Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):448–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Enquist BJ, Haskell JP, Tiffney BH. General patterns of taxonomic and biomass partitioning in extant and fossil plant communities. Nature. 2002 Oct 10;419(6907):610–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nowak AP, Breedveld V, Pakstis L, Ozbas B, Pine DJ, Pochan D, et al. Rapidly recovering hydrogel scaffolds from self-assembling diblock copolypeptide amphiphiles. Nature. 2002 May 23;417(6887):424–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Poikselkä M, Mayer G, Khartabil H, Niemi A. The IMS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2004.

An edited book

Bruel JM, editor. Satellite Events at the MoDELS 2005 Conference: MoDELS 2005 International Workshops Doctoral Symposium, Educators Symposium Montego Bay, Jamaica, October 2-7, 2005 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. XIV, 360 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 3844).

A chapter in an edited book

Dede EM, Lee J, Nomura T. Optimization Methods for Electromechanical Systems. In: Lee J, Nomura T, editors. Multiphysics Simulation: Electromechanical System Applications and Optimization. London: Springer; 2014. p. 41–59. (Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes Care.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017. If Color Affects Taxi Safety, Which Shade Is Safest?

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Ares I and Orion Project Risks and Key Indicators to Measure Progress. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Apr. Report No.: GAO-08-186T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rangwala R. The Role of the PDZ Protein, Erbin, in Schwann Cells [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2005.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Asia: Agreement On Last Leg Of Border. New York Times. 2005 Jun 3;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes Care
Abbreviation	Diabetes Care
ISSN (print)	0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing