How to format your references using the Diabetes Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Soderblom DR. Astronomy. How old is that star? Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):45–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T. Oncogenic kinase signalling. Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):355–65.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shultz S, Opie C, Atkinson QD. Stepwise evolution of stable sociality in primates. Nature. 2011 Nov 9;479(7372):219–22.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schietinger A, Philip M, Yoshida BA, Azadi P, Liu H, Meredith SC, et al. A mutant chaperone converts a wild-type protein into a tumor-specific antigen. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):304–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Daïan JF. Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Tessman L, editor. Feminist Ethics and Social and Political Philosophy: Theorizing the Non-Ideal. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. XXVI, 301 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Melnikov SP, Sizov AN, Sinyanskii AA, Miley GH. Basic Parameters of Nuclear-Excited Plasma. In: Sinyanskii AA, Sizov AN, Miley GH, editors. Lasers with Nuclear Pumping. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 103–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes Care.

Blog post

Andrew D. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. ENORMOUS Tiger Shark Caught Off Australian Coast. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/enormous-tiger-shark-caught-australian-coast/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: An Audit Guide For Assessing Acquisition Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: IMTEC-8.1.4.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Abraham ED. A mental health community outreach and education program for Nigerian immigrants: A grant writing project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Ewe Go, Cheese Lovers. New York Times. 2007 Aug 5;NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes Care
Abbreviation	Diabetes Care
ISSN (print)	0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing