How to format your references using the Diabetes Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dickson JAD. Fossil echinoderms as monitor of the Mg/Ca ratio of Phanerozoic oceans. Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1222–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Teagle D, Ildefonse B. Journey to the mantle of the Earth. Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):437–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thomas DSG, Knight M, Wiggs GFS. Remobilization of southern African desert dune systems by twenty-first century global warming. Nature. 2005 Jun 30;435(7046):1218–21.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Holland ND, Clague DA, Gordon DP, Gebruk A, Pawson DL, Vecchione M. “Lophenteropneust” hypothesis refuted by collection and photos of new deep-sea hemichordates. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):374–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snape S. Ancient Egyptian Tombs. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Murín J, Kompiš V, Kutiš V, editors. Computational Modelling and Advanced Simulations. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. XIV, 366 p. (Computational Methods in Applied Sciences; vol. 24).

A chapter in an edited book

García-Montero LG, Quintana SM, Casermeiro MA, Pastor IO, de Cáceres AM. A GIS Raster Model for Assessing the Environmental Quality of Spain Focused on SEA and Infrastructure Planning Procedures (LATINO Model). In: Rauch S, Morrison GM, Monzón A, editors. Highway and Urban Environment: Proceedings of the 9th Highway and Urban Environment symposium. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 31–8. (Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes Care.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Forgotten Amber Collection Gives New Insight To Ancient Ecosystems. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/forgotten-amber-collection-gives-new-insight-ancient-ecosystems/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Library Services for Those with Disabilities: Additional Steps Needed to Ease Access to Services and Modernize Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Apr. Report No.: GAO-16-355.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bartenhagen J. Transitioning organizations for sustainability: Exploring the intersection of sustainability, worldview, and organization development [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J, Kitsantonis N. Eurozone Agrees to Greece Debt Talks in Exchange for Bailout Payments. New York Times. 2017 Feb 20;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes Care
Abbreviation	Diabetes Care
ISSN (print)	0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing