How to format your references using the Development in Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Development in Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McClung, C. Robertson. 2009. “Circadian Rhythms. Linking the Loops.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 (5920): 1440–1441.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rozema, Jelte, and Timothy Flowers. 2008. “Ecology. Crops for a Salinized World.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 322 (5907): 1478–1480.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nozaki, Tatsuo, Yasuhiro Kato, and Katsuhiko Suzuki. 2013. “Late Jurassic Ocean Anoxic Event: Evidence from Voluminous Sulphide Deposition and Preservation in the Panthalassa.” Scientific Reports 3: 1889.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Y., Y. Zadorozhny, M. M. Rosario, B. Y. Rock, P. T. Carrigan, and H. Wang. 2001. “Destruction of the Global Phase Coherence in Ultrathin, Doubly Connected Superconducting Cylinders.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 294 (5550): 2332–2334.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bunnell, Tim. 2016. From World City to the World in One City. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Reddy, Anireddy S. N., and Maxim Golovkin, eds. 2008. Nuclear Pre-MRNA Processing in Plants. Vol. 326. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Abdessameud, Abdelkader, and Abdelhamid Tayebi. 2013. “Position Tracking for VTOL UAVs.” In Motion Coordination for VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Attitude Synchronisation and Formation Control, edited by Abdelhamid Tayebi, 85–104. Advances in Industrial Control. London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Development in Practice.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2015. “New Methane-Processing Microbes Hint At Common Metabolizing Ancestor.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-microbes-are-pandas-among-methane-processing-bears/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Transportation: Federal Assessments Levied on Commercial Maritime Industry. T-RCED-93-24. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Koenig, William E. 2010. “Leadership for the Whole in the Mythic Field of C. G. Jung’s Unconscious Processes.” Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, James. 2017. “More Than the Sum of Its Parts.” New York Times, February 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McClung 2009).
This sentence cites two references (McClung 2009; Rozema and Flowers 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rozema and Flowers 2008)
Three authors: (Nozaki, Kato, and Suzuki 2013)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Development in Practice
Abbreviation	Dev. Pract.
ISSN (print)	0961-4524
ISSN (online)	1364-9213
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development