How to format your references using the Development Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Development Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whitmire, K.H., 2010. Chemistry. Molecular donuts and donut holes. Science 327, 38–39.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin, T.J., Mundy, G.R., 2007. Bone metastasis: can osteoclasts be excluded? Nature 445, E19; discussion E19-20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Izumikawa, T., Sato, B., Kitagawa, H., 2014. Chondroitin sulfate is indispensable for pluripotency and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 3701.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M.F., Conway, S.J., Ng, L.G., Stanley, E.R., Samokhvalov, I.M., Merad, M., 2010. Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages. Science 330, 841–845.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rachev, S.T., Kim, Y.S., Bianchi, M.L., Fabozzi, F.J., 2011. Financial Models with Lévy Processes and Volatility Clustering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Yao, X., 2016. Filtering and Control of Stochastic Jump Hybrid Systems, Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

An, P., Inoue, T., Zheng, M., Eneji, A.E., Inanaga, S., 2014. Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, in: Tsunekawa, A., Liu, G., Yamanaka, N., Du, S. (Eds.), Restoration and Development of the Degraded Loess Plateau, China, Ecological Research Monographs. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 61–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Development Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Creationism Banned From Science Classes By Scottish Government [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/creationism-banned-science-classes-scottish-government/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Environmental Protection: Bibliography of GAO Documents, August 1988-April 1990 (No. RCED-90-228). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hirschy, M.A., 2015. Differences in usage of federally funded insurance options by women (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, S., 2016. Family Grieves After Student Is Killed in College Town Thought to Be Safe. New York Times A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Whitmire, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Martin and Mundy, 2007; Whitmire, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martin and Mundy, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Ginhoux et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Development Engineering
Abbreviation	Dev. Eng.
ISSN (print)	2352-7285
Scope