How to format your references using the Development and Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Development and Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Farrauto, R.J. (2012) ‘Chemistry Low-Temperature Oxidation of Methane’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 337(6095): 659–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vafai, S.B. and V.K. Mootha (2013) ‘Medicine A Common Pathway for a Rare Disease?’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 342(6165): 1453–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bueno, J.T., N. Shchukina, and A.A. Ramos (2004) ‘A Substantial Amount of Hidden Magnetic Energy in the Quiet Sun’, Nature 430(6997): 326–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang, L. et al. (2013) ‘Characterization of GM Events by Insert Knowledge Adapted Re-Sequencing Approaches’, Scientific Reports 3: 2839.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wagner, D. (2012) Trading ETFs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Eiderman, V.Y. and M.V. Samokhin (eds) (2005) Selected Topics in Complex Analysis: The S. Ya. Khavinson Memorial Volume, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications (Vol. 158). Basel: Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

Sen, S., R. Chakraborty, and B. De (2016) ‘Pregnancy and Diabetes’, in R. Chakraborty and B. De (eds) Diabetes Mellitus in 21st Century, pp. 35–44. Singapore: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Development and Change.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, June 14) ‘Rising Seas Due To Climate Change Claim Their First Mammal Species’, IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rising-seas-due-to-climate-change-claim-their-first-mammal-species/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Social Security Administration: Risks Associated With Information Technology Investment Continue ( No. AIMD-94-143).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Buchigari, S.R. (2010) ‘A Tool to Automate the Process of Unit Testing of Webapplications (Criterion V10)’. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Slotnik, D.E. (2017, August 4) ‘Bobby Taylor, Who Encouraged Jackson 5’, New York Times: B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Farrauto, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Farrauto, 2012; Vafai and Mootha, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vafai and Mootha, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Development and Change
Abbreviation	Dev. Change
ISSN (online)	1467-7660
Scope	Development