How to format your references using the Designs, Codes and Cryptography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs, Codes and Cryptography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perez, D.R.: Public health and biosecurity. H5N1 debates: hung up on the wrong questions. Science. 335, 799–801 (2012)

A journal article with 2 authors

Shibasaki, M., Masataka, N.: The color red distorts time perception for men, but not for women. Sci. Rep. 4, 5899 (2014)

A journal article with 3 authors

Kusumbe, A.P., Ramasamy, S.K., Adams, R.H.: Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. Nature. 507, 323–328 (2014)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Warren, S.C., Messina, L.C., Slaughter, L.S., Kamperman, M., Zhou, Q., Gruner, S.M., DiSalvo, F.J., Wiesner, U.: Ordered mesoporous materials from metal nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly. Science. 320, 1748–1752 (2008)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonk, C.J.: The World is Open. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA (2011)

An edited book

Maragos, P., Potamianos, A., Gros, P. eds: Multimodal Processing and Interaction: Audio, Video, Text. Springer US, Boston, MA (2008)

A chapter in an edited book

Apker, T., Martinson, E.: A Physics Inspired Finite State Machine Controller for Mobile Acoustic Arrays. In: Ani Hsieh, M. and Chirikjian, G. (eds.) Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems: The 11th International Symposium. pp. 47–58. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2014)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs, Codes and Cryptography.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: What Happens To Your Body When You Get Ebola?, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-happens-your-body-when-you-get-ebola/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Digital Television Transition: Information on the Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program and Consumer Participation in the Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2008)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swift, I.: The Perceived Effect of Hidden Costs on the Operational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: A Qualitative Study, (2011)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K.: Pardon My Dust? Neighbors of a College Project Say No, (2001)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Abbreviation	Des. Codes Cryptogr.
ISSN (print)	0925-1022
ISSN (online)	1573-7586
Scope	Computer Science Applications Applied Mathematics