How to format your references using the Designs, Codes and Cryptography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs, Codes and Cryptography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sihvola, A.: Physics. Enabling optical analog computing with metamaterials. Science. 343, 144–145 (2014)

A journal article with 2 authors

Jacobson, M.Z., Masters, G.M.: Energy. Exploiting wind versus coal. Science. 293, 1438 (2001)

A journal article with 3 authors

Riedel, I.H., Kruse, K., Howard, J.: A self-organized vortex array of hydrodynamically entrained sperm cells. Science. 309, 300–303 (2005)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nojiri, M., Koteishi, H., Nakagami, T., Kobayashi, K., Inoue, T., Yamaguchi, K., Suzuki, S.: Structural basis of inter-protein electron transfer for nitrite reduction in denitrification. Nature. 462, 117–120 (2009)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lane, D.: The Chief Information Officer’s Body of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011)

An edited book

Mohs, W.F.: Heat and Mass Transfer in the Melting of Frost. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

A chapter in an edited book

Monroy-Ata, A., Peña-Becerril, J.C., García-Díaz, M.: Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Organization of Dominant Tree Prosopis laevigata (Mesquite) in a Xeric Shrub of Central Mexico. In: Pagano, M.C. (ed.) Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi. pp. 35–45. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs, Codes and Cryptography.

Blog post

Andrews, R.: A Supervolcano Stopped An Earthquake Dead In Its Tracks In Japan This Year, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/supervolcano-stopped-earthquake-dead-tracks-japan-this-year/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Federal Student Loans: Education Could Do More to Help Ensure Borrowers Are Aware of Repayment and Forgiveness Options. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2015)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gambini, F.: Leadership capacity for succession and sustainability in a family-owned private school, (2011)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rossellini, I.: The Sphinx: Greta Garbo, (1996)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Abbreviation	Des. Codes Cryptogr.
ISSN (print)	0925-1022
ISSN (online)	1573-7586
Scope	Computer Science Applications Applied Mathematics