How to format your references using the Designs, Codes and Cryptography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs, Codes and Cryptography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ensslin, T.A.: Astronomy. Radio traces of cosmic shock waves. Science. 314, 772–773 (2006)

A journal article with 2 authors

Hibbs, R.E., Gouaux, E.: Principles of activation and permeation in an anion-selective Cys-loop receptor. Nature. 474, 54–60 (2011)

A journal article with 3 authors

Song, J., Ji, C., Zhang, J.Z.H.: Unveiling the gating mechanism of ECF transporter RibU. Sci. Rep. 3, 3566 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schmitt, A.M., Shi, J., Wolf, A.M., Lu, C.-C., King, L.A., Zou, Y.: Wnt-Ryk signalling mediates medial-lateral retinotectal topographic mapping. Nature. 439, 31–37 (2006)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morris, A.: A Practical Guide to Reliable Finite Element Modelling. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2008)

An edited book

Montanari, F.: Risk Regulation in Non-Animal Food Imports: The European Union Approach. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

A chapter in an edited book

Stanciulescu, A., Vanderdonckt, J.: Design Options for Multimodal Web Applications. In: Calvary, G., Pribeanu, C., Santucci, G., and Vanderdonckt, J. (eds.) Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces V. pp. 41–56. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2007)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs, Codes and Cryptography.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Fossils Reveal That Modern Humans Were Living In China 20,000 Years Before We Thought They Left Africa, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humans-lived-china-long-europe-study/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Federal Transit Administration: Bus Rapid Transit Offers Communities a Flexible Mass Transit Option. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2003)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bockler, T.: Legal advocacy program for low-income children with disabilities: A grant proposal, (2014)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, T.: Send In the Hard Hats, (2005)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Abbreviation	Des. Codes Cryptogr.
ISSN (print)	0925-1022
ISSN (online)	1573-7586
Scope	Computer Science Applications Applied Mathematics