How to format your references using the Der Zoologische Garten citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Der Zoologische Garten. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mantovani, A. (2000). Investigating T-cell memory. Nature, 407(6800), 40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Neumann, G. A., & Mazarico, E. (2009). Planetary science. Seeing the missing half. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5916), 885–887.

A journal article with 3 authors

Traag, V. A., Krings, G., & Van Dooren, P. (2013). Significant scales in community structure. Scientific Reports, 3, 2930.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Pai, D. Z., Ken Ostrikov, K., Kumar, S., Lacoste, D. A., Levchenko, I., & Laux, C. O. (2013). Energy efficiency in nanoscale synthesis using nanosecond plasmas. Scientific Reports, 3, 1221.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ming, D., Glasser, D., Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, B., & Metzer, M. (2016). Attainable Region Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Šimko, J. (2014). Semantic Acquisition Games: Harnessing Manpower for Creating Semantics (M. Bieliková, Ed.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Cai, G., Chen, B. M., & Lee, T. H. (2011). Software Design and Integration. In B. M. Chen & T. H. Lee (Eds.), Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems (pp. 59–81). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Der Zoologische Garten.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, May 11). Dark Chocolate Could Offer Health Benefits. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/dark-chocolate-could-offer-health-benefits-if-messed/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Federal Employers’ Liability Act: Issues Associated With Changing How Railroad Work-Related Injuries Are Compensated (RCED-96-199). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holmberg, M. B. (2014). Alternative nitrogen for subsequent southern switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) production using cool-season legumes [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J. B. (2017, August 10). A Year of New Heights For the Dow, Led by Boeing. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mantovani, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Mantovani, 2000; Neumann & Mazarico, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Neumann & Mazarico, 2009)
Three authors: (Traag et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Pai et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Der Zoologische Garten
Abbreviation	Zool. Gart.
ISSN (print)	0044-5169
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology