How to format your references using the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard C. Pathology: At the heart of the problem. Nature. 2013 Jan 31;493(7434):S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brainard MS, Doupe AJ. What songbirds teach us about learning. Nature. 2002 May 16;417(6886):351–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mendell JT, ap Rhys CMJ, Dietz HC. Separable roles for rent1/hUpf1 in altered splicing and decay of nonsense transcripts. Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):419–22.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Paik DH, Lee IR, Yang DS, Baskin JS, Zewail AH. Electrons in finite-sized water cavities: hydration dynamics observed in real time. Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):672–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baines P, Ferraro J, Rogers P. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Eighteenth-Century Writers and Writing 1660 - 1789. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Lajtha A, Lim R, editors. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Neuroactive Proteins and Peptides. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006. XIII, 684 p. 112 illus. eReference.

A chapter in an edited book

Hicks BL. Beyond This or That: Challenging the Limits of Binary Language in Elementary Education Through Poetry, Word Art, and Creative Bookmaking. In: Miller S, editor. Teaching, Affirming, and Recognizing Trans and Gender Creative Youth: A Queer Literacy Framework. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 81–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.

Blog post

Luntz S. The Chemistry of Pizza [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/chemistry-pizza/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Business Modernization: NASA’s Challenges in Managing Its Integrated Financial Management Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Nov. Report No.: GAO-04-255.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holland JH. Investigating the relationship between the policy implementation process and the utilization of information technology in a constitutional republic: The case of I-269 NEPA process [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. The End of Innocence. New York Times. 2001 Oct 14;141.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Dentomaxillofacial Radiology
Abbreviation	Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0250-832X
ISSN (online)	1476-542X
Scope	General Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging General Dentistry