How to format your references using the Dental Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dental Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Horton B. Applications matter. Nature 2002;416:4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Macnaghten P, Owen R. Environmental science: good governance for geoengineering. Nature 2011;479:293.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gouldstone A, Van Vliet KJ, Suresh S. Nanoindentation. Simulation of defect nucleation in a crystal. Nature 2001;411:656.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sánchez-Lavega A, Pérez-Hoyos S, Rojas JF, Hueso R, French RG. A strong decrease in Saturn’s equatorial jet at cloud level. Nature 2003;423:623–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ward S. TraderMind. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Alsedà i Soler L, Cushing JM, Elaydi S, Pinto AA, editors. Difference Equations, Discrete Dynamical Systems and Applications: ICDEA, Barcelona, Spain, July 2012. vol. 180. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hampp R, Hartmann A, Nehls U. The Rhizosphere: Molecular Interactions Between Microorganisms and Roots. In: Matyssek R, Schnyder H, Oßwald W, Ernst D, Munch JC, Pretzsch H, editors. Growth and Defence in Plants: Resource Allocation at Multiple Scales, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 111–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dental Materials.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Where Does Venom Come From? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/paralyzing-spider-and-centipede-venom-originate-insulin-hormone-embargoed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Linking Test Facilities Can Help Leverage Resources and Improve Technology Transfer Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Gravano A. Turn-taking and affirmative cue words in task-oriented dialogue. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Lee L. Embracing Miami’s Past And Future. New York Times 2013:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dental Materials
Abbreviation	Dent. Mater.
ISSN (print)	0109-5641
Scope	Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science General Dentistry