How to format your references using the Dental Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dental Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Rodriguez J. Recruiters and industry. Rules of engagement. Nature 2004;429:486.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wang W, Yuan D. Mesoporous carbon originated from non-permanent porous MOFs for gas storage and CO2/CH4 separation. Sci Rep 2014;4:5711.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Shcherbina AY, Talley LD, Rudnick DL. Direct observations of North Pacific ventilation: brine rejection in the Okhotsk Sea. Science 2003;302:1952–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Woudstra EC, Gilbert C, Fellows J, Jansen L, Brouwer J, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. A Rad26-Def1 complex coordinates repair and RNA pol II proteolysis in response to DNA damage. Nature 2002;415:929–33.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Welsh AH. Aspects of Statistical Inference: Welsh/Aspects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1996.

An edited book

[1]

Peters JF, Skowron A, Ślȩzak D, Nguyen HS, Bazan JG, editors. Transactions on Rough Sets XIX. vol. 8988. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hagen S, Edwards N, Wilcock L, Kirschnick J, Rolia J. One Is Not Enough: A Hybrid Approach for IT Change Planning. In: Bartolini C, Gaspary LP, editors. Integrated Management of Systems, Services, Processes and People in IT: 20th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations and Management, DSOM 2009, Venice, Italy, October 27-28, 2009. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 56–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dental Materials.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Swedish Lizard Babies Survive Better With Warmer Temperatures. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/swedish-lizard-babies-survive-better-warmer-temperatures/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Direct Loan Debate. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hamilton MA. Experiences of Everyday Racism: Understanding the Racial Difference in Perceptions of Physicians’ Cultural Competence. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 2003.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Brantley B. Pain, Protest and Resistance. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dental Materials
Abbreviation	Dent. Mater.
ISSN (print)	0109-5641
Scope	Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science General Dentistry