How to format your references using the Dental Abstracts citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dental Abstracts. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier Q. Maths adds up for Berlin centre. Nature. 2002;420(6914):348.

A journal article with 2 authors

Morrison SJ, Scadden DT. The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2014;505(7483):327-334.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hsieh CS, Kovářík J, Logan T. How central are clients in sexual networks created by commercial sex? Sci Rep. 2014;4:7540.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zheng J, Wang L, Quhe R, et al. Sub-10 nm gate length graphene transistors: operating at terahertz frequencies with current saturation. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1314.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Khan MM, Islam MR. Zero Waste Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Wiedijk F, ed. The Seventeen Provers of the World: Foreword by Dana S. Scott. Vol 3600. Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Laxmi BP, Chilambuchelvan A. Secured Two Phase Geographic Forwarding with GSS Algorithm. In: Das VV, Stephen J, eds. Advances in Communication, Network, and Computing: Third International Conference, CNC 2012, Chennai, India, February 24-25, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer; 2012:25-30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dental Abstracts.

Blog post

Fang J. Monkeys Use Researchers as Human Shields. IFLScience. July 26, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/monkeys-use-researchers-human-shields/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Pipeline Safety: Preliminary Information on the Office of Pipeline Safety’s Enforcement Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carver JR. CMO: Chief Marketing Officer or Chief “Marginalized” Officer. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Activists Haunted by Their K.G.B. Ordeal. New York Times. January 13, 2017:C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Dental Abstracts
Abbreviation	Dent. Abstr.
ISSN (print)	0011-8486
Scope	General Medicine