How to format your references using the Demographic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Demographic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wright, J. (2013). Epigenetics: reversible tags. Nature 498(7455):S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Antonakis, J. and Dalgas, O. (2009). Predicting elections: child’s play! Science (New York, N.Y.) 323(5918):1183.

A journal article with 3 authors

Larsen, R.E., Glover, W.J., and Schwartz, B.J. (2010). Does the hydrated electron occupy a cavity? Science (New York, N.Y.) 329(5987):65–69.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Muchnik, L., Pei, S., Parra, L.C., Reis, S.D.S., Andrade, J.S., Jr, Havlin, S., and Makse, H.A. (2013). Origins of power-law degree distribution in the heterogeneity of human activity in social networks. Scientific reports 3:1783.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marsh, N. (2014). Forensic Photography. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Priya, S. and Nahm, S. (eds.) (2012). Lead-Free Piezoelectrics. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Toulouevski, Y.N. and Zinurov, I.Y. (2010). Energy (Heat) Balances of Furnace. In: Zinurov, Ilyaz Yunusovich (ed.). Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces: Scientific Basis for Selection. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer: 65–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Demographic Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Spinal Cord Stimulation Allows Completely Paralyzed Rats To Walk Again [electronic resource]. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spinal-cord-stimulation-allows-completely-paralyzed-rats-walk-again/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998). FCC: Geographic Partitioning and Spectrum Disaggregation for the 220-222 MHz Service. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Douville, S. (2014). The lived experience of being a European wife to a U.S. Marine: A heuristic study. [Doctoral dissertation]. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus, S. (2016). Trump’s Boasts Shake Women Out of Silence. New York Times:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wright 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Antonakis and Dalgas 2009; Wright 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Antonakis and Dalgas 2009)
Three authors: (Larsen, Glover, and Schwartz 2010)
4 or more authors: (Muchnik et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Demographic Research
Abbreviation	Demogr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1435-9871
ISSN (online)	2363-7064
Scope	Demography