How to format your references using the Demographic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Demographic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, N. (2014). Clotting factors: Stretching time. Nature 515(7528):S162-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koren, I. and Feingold, G. (2013). Adaptive behavior of marine cellular clouds. Scientific reports 3:2507.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miller, J.R., Outlaw, R.A., and Holloway, B.C. (2010). Graphene double-layer capacitor with ac line-filtering performance. Science (New York, N.Y.) 329(5999):1637–1639.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fox, A.R., Bart, S.C., Meyer, K., and Cummins, C.C. (2008). Towards uranium catalysts. Nature 455(7211):341–349.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hannon, L. and Clift, J. (2010). General Hospital Care for People with Learning Disabilities. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Letiche, H. (2014). The Relevant PhD. Lightfoot, G. (ed.). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Fuller, A. and Unwin, L. (2016). Applying an Apprenticeship Approach to HRD: Why the Concepts of Occupation, Identity and the Organisation of Workplace Learning Still Matter. In: Shipton, H., Budhwar, P., Sparrow, P. and Brown, A. (eds.). Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK: 66–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Demographic Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Watch This Awesome Slow-Motion Explosion Of A Prince Rupert’s Drop [electronic resource]. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/watch-awesome-example-prince-ruperts-drop0/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994). Global Positioning Technology: Opportunities for Greater Federal Agency Joint Development and Use. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perez, R.W. (2017). Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block? The Impact of Prior Military Service on Hiring Managers’ Perceptions of Warmth, Competence, and Hirability. [Doctoral dissertation]. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. (2014). Popular Tech Gathering Faces Growing Pains. New York Times:A27B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Koren and Feingold 2013; Savage 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Koren and Feingold 2013)
Three authors: (Miller, Outlaw, and Holloway 2010)
4 or more authors: (Fox et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Demographic Research
Abbreviation	Demogr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1435-9871
ISSN (online)	2363-7064
Scope	Demography