How to format your references using the Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hampshire V. Poorly conducted (or reported) animal tests put humans at risk. Nature. 2000 Oct;407(6805):671.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gan J, Appenzeller T. 2013 Visualization Challenge. Introduction. Science. 2014 Feb;343(6171):599.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shanavas KV, Parker D, Singh DJ. Theoretical study on the role of dynamics on the unusual magnetic properties in MnBi. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov;4:7222.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zacchi P, Gostissa M, Uchida T, Salvagno C, Avolio F, Volinia S, et al. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 reveals a mechanism to control p53 functions after genotoxic insults. Nature. 2002 Oct;419(6909):853–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noyer J-M. Transformation of Collective Intelligences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Beyzadeoglu M. Basic Radiation Oncology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Mehta G, Deelman E, Knowles JA, Chen T, Wang Y, Vöckler J, et al. Enabling Data and Compute Intensive Workflows in Bioinformatics. In: Alexander M, D’Ambra P, Belloum A, Bosilca G, Cannataro M, Danelutto M, et al., editors. Euro-Par 2011: Parallel Processing Workshops: CCPI, CGWS, HeteroPar, HiBB, HPCVirt, HPPC, HPSS, MDGS, ProPer, Resilience, UCHPC, VHPC, Bordeaux, France, August 29 – September 2, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012; pp 23–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

Blog post

Hale T. New Footage Shows A Wild Orangutan Using A Saw To Cut A Tree In Half [Internet]. IFLScience. 2017 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-footage-shows-a-wild-orangutan-using-a-saw-to-cut-a-tree-in-half/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax Systems Modernization: Automated Underreporter Project Shows Need for Human Resource Planning. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Van Fossen L. The communicative use of iconic face drawings to express emotional and evaluative statements in persons with aphasia. 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Eleanor’s Encouragement. New York Times. 2017 Apr;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
Abbreviation	Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.
ISSN (print)	1420-8008
ISSN (online)	1421-9824
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Psychiatry and Mental health Cognitive Neuroscience