How to format your references using the Defence Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Defence Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Renton P. Has the Higgs boson been discovered? Nature 2004;428:141–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sobel HW, Suzuki Y. Obituary: Yoji Totsuka (1942-2008). Nature 2008;454:954.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Holt BF 3rd, Belkhadir Y, Dangl JL. Antagonistic control of disease resistance protein stability in the plant immune system. Science 2005;309:929–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Panigrahi P, Parida S, Nanda NC, Satpathy R, Pradhan L, Chandel DS, et al. Corrigendum: A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India. Nature 2018;553:238.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Norton L. How to Be a Global Nonprofit. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Naumenko K. Modeling High Temperature Materials Behavior for Structural Analysis: Part I: Continuum Mechanics Foundations and Constitutive Models. vol. 28. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Finkbeiner B, Kuhtz L. Monitor Circuits for LTL with Bounded and Unbounded Future. In: Bensalem S, Peled DA, editors. Runtime Verification: 9th International Workshop, RV 2009, Grenoble, France, June 26-28, 2009. Selected Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 60–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Defence Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Why You Might Want To Think Twice About Surrendering Online Privacy For The Sake Of Convenience. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Needs Projections Could Better Reflect Future Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Warrick AD. “Deep” South: Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, and Environmental Knowledge, 1800-1974. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Detainees at Guantánamo Fight Further Appeal Delay. New York Times 2008:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Defence Technology
ISSN (print)	2214-9147
Scope