How to format your references using the Current Sleep Medicine Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Sleep Medicine Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bilham R. Lessons from the Haiti earthquake. Nature. 2010;463:878–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Newman JRS, Keating AE. Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays. Science. 2003;300:2097–101.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Martill DM, Tischlinger H, Longrich NR. EVOLUTION. A four-legged snake from the Early Cretaceous of Gondwana. Science. 2015;349:416–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nomura J, Busso N, Ives A, Matsui C, Tsujimoto S, Shirakura T, et al. Xanthine oxidase inhibition by febuxostat attenuates experimental atherosclerosis in mice. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4554.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Grinshpan L. Solving Enterprise Applications Performance Puzzles. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Vejnarová J, Kratochvíl V, editors. Belief Functions: Theory and Applications: 4th International Conference, BELIEF 2016, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-23, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hirai K. The Peasants’ Dilemma: Finance and Fraud Problems in Purchasing Fertilizer in Taiwan (1910–1930s). In: Sawai M, editor. Economic Activities Under the Japanese Colonial Empire. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016. p. 115–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Sleep Medicine Reports.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Replacing The Moon With Other Planets [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/replacing-moon-other-planets/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Comparison of Amtrak Employee Injury Settlement Costs Under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act and State Workers’ Compensation Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Jun. Report No.: T-RCED-88-49.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stroud M. Solar desalination in the southwest United States: A thermoeconomic analysis utilizing the sun to desalt water in high irradiance regions [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Developing the Next Messi. New York Times. 2010 Apr 20;B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Sleep Medicine Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Sleep Med. Rep.
ISSN (online)	2198-6401
Scope