How to format your references using the Current Opinion in Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Canup RM. A giant impact origin of Pluto-Charon. Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):546–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Elderfield H, Ganssen G. Past temperature and delta18O of surface ocean waters inferred from foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios. Nature. 2000 May 25;405(6785):442–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hnasko TS, Sotak BN, Palmiter RD. Morphine reward in dopamine-deficient mice. Nature. 2005 Dec 8;438(7069):854–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ni M, Zhang WZ, Qiu JR, Liu F, Li M, Zhang YJ, et al. Association of ERCC1 and ERCC2 polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 17;4:4112.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Evans AW. Economics, Real Estate and the Supply of Land. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Rensink A, Warmer J, editors. Model Driven Architecture – Foundations and Applications: Second European Conference, ECMDA-FA 2006, Bilbao, Spain, July 10-13, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. XII, 396 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4066).

A chapter in an edited book

Lee Y, Kang W, Lee Y. A Hadoop-Based Packet Trace Processing Tool. In: Domingo-Pascual J, Shavitt Y, Uhlig S, editors. Traffic Monitoring and Analysis: Third International Workshop, TMA 2011, Vienna, Austria, April 27, 2011 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 51–63. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Want To Build A Moon Base? Easy. Just Print It [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/want-build-moon-base-easy-just-print-it/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Coordinating and Linking Programs Directed Toward Increasing the Numbers of Minority and Disadvantaged Individuals in the Health Professions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 May. Report No.: HRD-81-87.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mason MC. A Heart Like a Fakir’s The Life and Times of General Sir James Abbott, KCB [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Amazon Executive Resigns After Harassment Claim. New York Times. 2017 Oct 17;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1040-8738
ISSN (online)	1531-7021
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology