How to format your references using the Current Opinion in Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ahmed F. Health: Edible advice. Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wirth T, Bernatchez L. Genetic evidence against panmixia in the European eel. Nature. 2001 Feb 22;409(6823):1037–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yan D, Zhou Y, Hou J. Supramolecular self-assembly of macroscopic tubes. Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):65–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Goldstone DC, Ennis-Adeniran V, Hedden JJ, Groom HCT, Rice GI, Christodoulou E, et al. HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase. Nature. 2011 Nov 6;480(7377):379–82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wexler S, Shaffer J, Cotgreave A. The Big Book of Dashboards. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Nayyeri K. Pro ASP.NET SignalR: Real-Time Communication in .NET with SignalR 2.1. White D, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2014. XVII, 360 p. 107 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Macheleidt W, Grischek T, Nestler W. New Approaches for Estimating Streambed Infiltration Rates. In: Hubbs SA, editor. Riverbank Filtration Hydrology: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Riverbank Filtration Hydrology Bratislava, Slovakia September 2004. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 73–91. (Nato Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Fang J. Are Animals Getting Smaller and Smaller with Rising Temperatures? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Reform: Progress Made; More Needs to Be Done to Complete Actions and Measure Results. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Apr. Report No.: GAO-12-461.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ganji VG. Exploring the application of haptic feedback guidance for port crane modernization [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gaitskill M. An Unknowable Truth. New York Times. 2015 Dec 4;M2174.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1040-8738
ISSN (online)	1531-7021
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology