How to format your references using the Current Opinion in Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J. The Gonzo Scientist. Play it again, robot. Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1613.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaspari M, Weiser MD. Ecology. Meet the new boss, same as the old boss. Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):974–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huffard CL, Boneka F, Full RJ. Underwater bipedal locomotion by octopuses in disguise. Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1927.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Christiaen L, Davidson B, Kawashima T, Powell W, Nolla H, Vranizan K, et al. The transcription/migration interface in heart precursors of Ciona intestinalis. Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1349–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zneimer SM. Cytogenetic Abnormalities. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

Verbert K, Sharples M, Klobučar T, editors. Adaptive and Adaptable Learning: 11th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2016, Lyon, France, September 13-16, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XX, 686 p. 177 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9891).

A chapter in an edited book

Christman MS, Canning DA. Empty Scrotum. In: Gontero P, Kirby RS, Carson CC III, editors. Problem Based Urology. London: Springer; 2013. p. 43–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew D. 16 Ridiculous “Facts” About Animals You Should Really Stop Repeating [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/16-ridiculous-facts-about-animals-you-should-really-stop-repeating/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Information on DOE’s Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Apr. Report No.: GAO-16-486R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goodison SE. The undiscovered country: Homicide, dynamic change, and deterrence in Washington, D.C. Neighborhoods, 1998-2006 [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr. Plea Deal For Woman In Spitzer Case. New York Times. 2017 Oct 2;A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1040-8738
ISSN (online)	1531-7021
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology