How to format your references using the Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ormerod P. Social networks can spread the Olympic effect. Nature. 2012;489:337.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Grünwald D, Singer RH. In vivo imaging of labelled endogenous β-actin mRNA during nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature. 2010;467:604–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gregory JM, Huybrechts P, Raper SCB. Climatology: threatened loss of the Greenland ice-sheet. Nature. 2004;428:616.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fixler JB, Foster GT, McGuirk JM, Kasevich MA. Atom interferometer measurement of the newtonian constant of gravity. Science. 2007;315:74–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ruske W. Verlag Chemie 1921-1971. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 1971.

An edited book

1. Bychkov VL, Golubkov GV, Nikitin AI, editors. The Atmosphere and Ionosphere: Elementary Processes, Monitoring, and Ball Lightning. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Majumdar TK, Howard DR. The Use of Dried Blood Spots for Concentration Assessment in Pharmacokinetic Evaluations. In: Bonate PL, Howard DR, editors. Pharmacokinetics in Drug Development: Advances and Applications, Volume 3. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2011. p. 91–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Tiny New Species of Poisonous Frog Discovered [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-new-species-poisonous-panamanian-frog/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Cooperative Research: Results of U.S.-Industry Partnership to Develop a New Generation of Vehicles. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Mar. Report No.: RCED-00-81.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hong HJ. Acrolein Modification of Human Apolipoprotein A-I Impairs Binding to Phosphatidylglycerol and Lipopolysaccharide of Gram-Negative Bacteria [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. An Announcement Hits the Right Note. New York Times. 2014 Feb 13;B21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Emerg. Hosp. Med. Rep.
ISSN (online)	2167-4884
Scope